Treatment Session Preparatory Method - 983 Words

Treatment Session Preparatory Method 1) AROM- Right elbow flexion. Intervention- The therapist will start by introducing herself and the purpose of performing ROM on the child to the mother. The therapist will build a rapport with both the child and the mother so the child can feel comfortable. The therapist will ask John if he is in pain and then check for swelling. If there is no pain, the therapist will continue with the activity; however, if there is pain or swelling, the therapist will stop the treatment than apply a cold pack in the area to reduce edema. The patient will then be seated in a small chair with support at a 90 degree angle, while both legs flat on the floor to perform the activity. The chair will not have any arm rest. The therapist will begin by doing PROM on the right elbow with gentle guidance then the child will continue to perform the activity actively towards the end. 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North Korea And South Korea - 3228 Words

Everyone has been touched by the Korean wave in some way, whether it is by having a Samsung phone to eating Korean barbeque at a Korean restaurant. North Americans tend to think that North and South Korea share the same traditions and customs, when in fact they are complete opposites. Going back thousands of years in Korean culture, North Korea and South were just a part of the country Korea. Fast forwarding to the 1950’s the northern part of Korea started to become a communist country. America swooped in and started to shape the southern part of Korea as an ally for the United States and make them a part of the capitalist movement. After the Korean War, Korea became divided into North and South Korea. North Korea became a communist†¦show more content†¦Following the stock market crash, South Korea decided to export its music and television to make revenue from other countries. â€Å"Korea is throwing all of its weight and billions of dollars into making itself the n umber one exporter of pop culture in the world† (Leong). The stock market crash in 1997 left the country economically crippled, forcing the government to request a 57 billion dollar loan from the International Monetary Fund ( IMF). The president of that time, Kim Dae-Jung, began to think of a way that Korea could become different from other countries in order to fix its unstable economy. Kim always was amazed with how the United States made its revenue from films and how The United Kingdom made its money from stage musicals. (Leong) This influenced Kim to use those two countries as benchmarks for creating a pop culture industry for Korea. Kim worked with the notion that in order for other countries to buy into your pop culture, you had to prove to them that your nation was cool. The Hallyu or Korean wave started in southeast Asia and has now started its way to the United States and Europe. Now that it has made a marketing statement in the United States its revenue has gotten e ven higher. Korean pop culture exports have already gone from zero, in the early 1990 s, to 4.6 billion in revenue in 2012 (Hong). Koreans have made much of that revenue from their music and the

Csr and Consumer Free Essays

The impact of perceived CSR initiatives on consumer’s buying behaviour: An empirical study Abu Bashar, Assistant Professor, Institute of Management Studies, Dehradun. ABSTRACT Although research into CSR and consumer behavior is still relatively young, there exists a growing interest in studying the links between CSR and marketing. The Indian consumers are now well aware that, in pursuing their business endeavors, companies now have to show more responsibility towards society and the environment where they are operating and at the same time do managers increasingly see CSR as a marketing tool to help create a competitive advantage. We will write a custom essay sample on Csr and Consumer or any similar topic only for you Order Now But what is the actual impact of companies’ engagement in CSR on consumer behavior? The consumers are getting more aware of the corporation involved in corporate social responsibility (CSR) through better education and the increased influence of the media. The companies up to a certain extent has already been realized that their socially responsible behaviour have a direct impact on the consumer buying behaviour. In this research paper effort has been employed to investigate that how consumers are considering corporation’s CSR initiatives at the time of deciding on their purchase decision of products and services. For measuring CSR economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic variables have been considered from Carroll’s definition. A random stratified sample of 250 respondents have been considered, the data have been collected with the help of structured questionnaire. After the data collection appropriate statistical data analysis was performed in the software program SPSS. Results confirm a positive relationship between perceived CSR activities and consumer buying behaviour. Keywords: corporate social responsibility, consumer behaviour, Philanthropy, Consumer buying behaviour. 1. Introduction Multinational corporations first introduced the term stakeholder in the late 1960’s. Stakeholders were described as those who were in any way affected by the corporations’ activities. Soon thereafter, the term â€Å"corporate social responsibility† came into common use. The goal of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is to take responsibility for all the company’s actions and to have a positive impact on its environment, communities, employees, consumers and all other stakeholders (Freeman et al. , 2010). The European Commission (2011) defines CSR as â€Å"the responsibility of enterprises for their impacts on society†. More specifically, the responsibility of corporations includes the integration of social, environmental and ethical issues as well as human rights and consumer concerns, into their business operations and core strategy in close collaboration with their stakeholders. In research literature, CSR is defined as â€Å"a business organization’s configuration of principles of social responsibility, processes of social responsiveness, and policies, programs, and observable outcomes as they relate to the firm’s societal relationships† (Wood, 1991:693). In their opinion, the free market in that sense contributes to society by realizing this prosperity and therefore does not have any other obligations in that matter. However, on the other side of the spectrum the free market is viewed as inhibiting human freedom (e. g. through child labor) and as the root cause of economic and cultural imperialism in many developing countries. CSR is also seen as a way to attempt to be one step ahead of governmental interference, in order to avoid any kind of legislative restrictions or reprimands. Additionally, CSR is regarded as being used merely as a marketing tool, which introduces concerns about hypocrisy. As with many ethical issues, a great amount of organizations operate in the broad space in between these extremes, and the topic remains subject to continuous discussion (Friedman, 1970). One of the most important stakeholder groups is the consumer, and as Creyer and Ross (1997) confirmed; customers do indeed expect socially responsible behavior from companies. More interestingly, customers are willing to reward this behavior. It is no surprise that a steadily growing group of consumers pro-actively look for companies with ‘sustainable’ products and production methods. This new type of consumer is subject to an increasing amount of research by social and economic scientists, and characterized as ‘sophisticated’ and ‘environmentally and socially conscious’ (Forster, 2007). Corporations that do not equip themselves with CSR activities will often be left behind with the increasing global competition and borderless markets, and international corporations with sound CSR activities grow stronger (Altman, 2007). As the education level increases, consumers are made more aware of the need for pro social corporate behaviour. A lot of work has been done in Western countries to identify an organization’s behaviour regarding consumer purchasing decisions. However, not many studies have been conducted in emerging markets, such as India. CSR activities should enhance a corporation’s image. This paper aims to examine the influence of perceived CSR initiatives on the buying behaviour of Indian consumers. We are interested in exploring whether consumers in India consider organisations’ CSR issues before associating themselves with organisations’ products and services. Apart from that, this study also aims to identify the awareness level of Indian consumers towards CSR. The results of this study will also be useful for business organisations in understanding the consumers’ priority for the CSR activities that they should be engaging in, and it will contribute to the existing literature. The remainder of this paper is structured as follows. The next section will discuss the literature review. The third section will explain on the methodology used. The findings and discussion will be presented in the fourth section and will be followed by conclusions and implications in the final section. 2. Scope of the study The scope of the study has been limited to CSR initiatives of corporate and consumer buying behaviour only. The study has been confined to Delhi NCR region as this area has greater number of top notch corporations 3. Objectives 1. To study and analyze the current CSR practices being employed by corporations in India. . To find out the level of awareness of consumer about CSR 3. To find out the relation and impact of corporation’s CSR initiatives on consumer buying decisions 4. Research Methodology The study is based on descriptive research design. A structured questionnaire has been designed, to know the level of awareness and impact of corporation’s CSR initiatives on their buying decisions. The que stionnaire consists of three major sections. The first section gathers information on consumers’ awareness towards corporate social responsibility (CSR). This section covers some general questions to obtain the respondent’s understanding of the term CSR, which indicates the ability of the respondent to complete the rest of the questionnaire. The respondents who indicated having no knowledge in CSR were not included in the data analysis. Second section covers questions on consumer buying behaviour towards CSR initiatives by the business organisations. The statements were divided into four subsections based on Carroll’s pyramid of CSR, which include economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic responsibilities. While third section designed to gather demographic information of the respondents such as gender, age, education level and monthly income level. Section A and Section C were designed using nominal scales, whereas Section B was designed using a five-point Likert scale ranging from â€Å"1† for â€Å"strongly disagree† to â€Å"5† for â€Å"strongly agree†. Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient was used to evaluate the reliability of the measures. The Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient for the four independent variables and one dependent variable was 0. 59. The survey was conducted in Delhi NCR; responses of 250 respondents were collected. We targeted respondents who are seems to be conscious buyer and hence the sampling technique is non-probability convenience sampling. For visual representation of finding and results bar charts, pie charts and tables etc. ahs been used. 5. Review of literature During the 21th century, the focus of the environmental aspect of CSR grew even stronger and society’s increased interest regarding environmental issues put new light on CSR. Hence, even higher pressure was put on corporations and their initiatives for support of the environment. This can be seen in the European Commission’s CSR-report from 2002, in which CSR is described to have a close relationship between companies and societies to tackle both social and environmental concerns: â€Å"CSR is a concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis. In their latest definition, the European Commission (2011) explains CSR as â€Å"the responsibility of enterprises for their impacts on society†. Another trend emerging in the 21th century was the focus of CSR from a consumer perspective. The fact that corporations started to work and participate actively in projects regarding CSR predictably woke up an interest also among consumers. Researchers were then eager to find out whether CSR activities had any influence on consumers or not, and if so, in what way and to what extent. In 2001, Mohr et al. tudied the relationship between CSR and consumers’ buying behavior. The results of the study showed that the majority of the respondents were in general positively disposed towards social responsible firms and moreover expected firms to be highly active within CSR. Furthermore, the results revealed that a small majority of the respondents did not really think about basing their purchase behavior on CSR or did it only sometimes, even if CSR as a buying criterion didn’t play much of a role in the decision processes or purchase behavior. However, 39% of the respondents were basing some or much of their purchasing on CSR (Mohr et al. , 2001). In 2005, Becker-Olsen and Hill contributed with two studies investigating the role of perceived fit (e. g. Similarity between corporate mission and social initiative), perceived corporate motive (other-centered versus profit-centered), and timing of an announcement (reactive versus proactive) on consumers’ responses to corporate social initiatives. The aim of the study was to explore the impact of perceived CSR on consumer behavior. The results of the study demonstrated that an overwhelming majority of the respondents believed that firms should engage in social initiatives and 76% thought that those initiatives would benefit the firms. About half of the respondents stated that they would boycott firms that acted irresponsibly, if reasonable alternatives were available (Becker-Olsen Hill, 2005). Finally, another relatively new trend within CSR developed in the 21th century is to view and utilize the whole concept as a competitive advantage. In 2006, the marketing and strategy guru Michael Porter wrote an article together with Mark R. Kramer, in which they introduced a framework that organizations can use to identify the impact they have on society, determine which effects to address and then suggest effective ways to do so. The authors propose that when looking at CSR from a strategically perspective it can become a source of remarkable social progress, since corporations apply their resources, expertise, and insights to activities that benefit society as a whole (Porter Kramer, 2006). In carrying out their economic responsibility, corporations are expected work within the framework of laws and regulations as a partial fulfillment of the â€Å"social contract† between corporations and society. Carroll (1991) stated that it is important for legal responsibility to be performed in a manner that is consistent with the expectations of governments and laws complying with the various federal, state and local regulations. A successful corporation should be recognised as one that fulfils its legal obligations. Conchius (2006), on the other hand, stated that legal responsibility includes abiding by consumer and product laws, environmental laws and employment laws while also adhering to laws and regulations governing competition in the marketplace. However, legal responsibilities do not embrace the full range of behaviours expected of corporations by society. Laws are important, but they are often inadequate. First, they cannot possibly address all of the issues or areas that a corporation may face. Second, laws often lag behind more recent concepts of what is considered right behaviour, and third, laws may represent the personal interests and political motivations of legislators (Carroll, 1998). Although economic and legal responsibilities represent ethical standards concerning fairness and justice, ethical responsibility encompasses those activities and practices expected or prohibited by society that expand beyond the limitations of legal responsibilities. Ethical responsibility embodies those standards and expectations that reflect a concern for what consumers, employees, shareholders, and the community regard as fair, just, or in keeping with the respect or protection of stakeholders’ moral rights (Carroll, 1979). According to Carroll (1991), business performance can be determined by the corporation’s consistency in promoting moral and ethical standards. If a corporation practises good corporate citizenship, the activities of the corporation are trusted. Ethical responsibility also recognises that corporate integrity and ethical behaviour should go beyond the requirements of laws and regulations. Balancing economic, legal and ethical responsibilities is important. If the corporation does something that is appropriately economic and legal, it must also be appropriately ethical. Philanthropic responsibility refers to corporate actions that are in response to society’s expectations of good corporate citizens. Corporate philanthropy is likely to enhance the image of corporations especially those that have high public visibility. Corporate philanthropy should also increase employee loyalty and improve customer ties. Philanthropic activities include business contributions in terms of financial resources or executive time, such as contributions to the arts, education, or communities. The distinguishing characteristic between philanthropic and ethical responsibilities is that philanthropic responsibilities are not expected in an ethical or moral sense. Philanthropy is located at the most voluntary and discretionary dimension of corporate responsibility and has not always been linked to profits or the ethical culture of the firm (Ferrell, 2004). Although society wishes corporations to be philanthropic, it is voluntary on the part of corporations (Carroll, 1991). According to Fombrun, Gardberg and Barnett (2000), the case for philanthropy comes from two different sources; strategic philanthropists argue that, although philanthropy may not generate direct economic returns, it will enhance the firm’s long-term competitive position through intangible gains in reputation, legitimacy or employee loyalty. Consumer Behaviour towards CSR This paper aims to examine consumers’ buying behaviour as a result of corporate CSR initiatives. We are interested in examining that whether the purchase decisions of the products and services of consumers in India are based on corporation’s CSR initiatives or not. In addition, we also seek to identify which type of CSR component based on Carroll’s pyramid of CSR will have significant impact on consumers’ buying behaviour. Several studies have suggested that there is a positive relationship between a corporation’s CSR activities and consumers’ attitudes towards that corporation and its products (Brown Dacin, 1997; Creyer Ross, 1997; Ellen, Webb, Mohr, 2000). Mohr, Webb and Harris (2001) examined and their finding indicated a significant relationship between CSR and consumer responses. Sen and Bhattacharya (2001) research on reaction of consumers to CSR shows that CSR will directly affect consumers’ intentions to purchase corporation’s products. As cited in Pomering and Dolnicar (2008), marketplace polls reported that consumers expect corporations to provide information about what they do, and they will support those corporations that pursue CSR initiatives. Environics International Ltd. (Environics, 1999) conducted a survey regarding consumer responses towards corporate social responsibility. The result of the survey indicated that Australians have the highest CSR consumer expectations from businesses. A total of 86% of US respondents in the survey of Cone Inc. (2004) said that corporations should provide information on how they support social issues. 6. Research Results and Discussions Table 1: Gender of respondents | |Gender | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Model |R |R Square |Adjusted R Square |Std. Error of the Estimate | |CSR-CB |. 573a |. 329 |. 315 |. 36483 | |a. Predictors 🙠 Constants) CSR: corporate social responsibility components which include ethical, economic, philanthropic, | |legal. CB-Consumer Behaviour | The R square (coefficient of determination) is a portion of the total variation in the dependent variable that is explained by the variation in the independent variables. According to the model summary, R sq uare is equal to 0. 329, which is less than 1. This indicates that there is a weak linear relationship between CSR activities and consumers’ buying behaviour. Approximately 32. 7% of variance in all the CSR components can significantly explain consumers’ buying behaviour. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been preformed to test whether there is a statistical significant linear relationship between the combination of the four CSR components (Economic, legal, Ethical and philanthropic) and consumers’ buying behaviour exists or not. According to Table 9, the p-value is . 000, indicating that the four CSR components significantly influence consumers’ buying behaviour. Table 9: ANOVA of Multiple Regressions ANOVAb | |Model |Sum of Squares| |bDependent Variable (CB): consumer behaviour | | | | A coefficient table is very much helpful in explaining the relationship between the four CSR components and consumers’ buying behaviour. Based on the calculated significances in Significance (Sig. ) column o f Table 10, the p-value for each CSR component is less than 0. 05, which indicates that all the CSR components have a statistically significant relationship with consumers’ buying behaviour. Table 10: Coefficients of Multiple Regressions Coefficientsa | |Model |Unstandardized Coefficients |Standardized |t |Sig. | | | |Coefficients | | | | |B |Std. Error |Beta | | In Table 10, the unstandardised beta coefficient is used for the values of the numbers in the linear regression equation. Theory explains that a higher beta value indicates a greater impact of the independent variable on the dependent variable. The independent variable (CSR components) can be ranked according to the magnitude of the beta coefficient to determine which component has the most significant impact on consumers’ buying behaviour. The regression model relates Y (the dependent variable) to a function of X (the independent variable) and ? (the unknown parameter). It is formulated as Y ? f(X, ? ). The multiple regression analyses performed in this study are modeled as follows: Yi = ? 1xi1 + ? 2xi2 + ? 3xi3 + ? 4xi4 Therefore, the multiple regressions line equation for this current study is: Consumer Behaviour = 1. 286 + 0. 59 Economic Responsibility + 0. 168 Philanthropic Responsibility + 0. 166 Ethical Responsibility + 0. 112 Legal Responsibility. The results explicitly defines that the economic responsibility attribute has the most significant impact on consumers’ buying behaviour , as it has the highest beta value, followed by philanthropic responsibility, ethical responsibility and, finally, legal responsibility. Indian consumers seem to view CSR priority differently from other nations. Economic responsibility was still the basic utmost priority preferred. However, they ranked philanthropic responsibility as the second most important responsibility compared with legal responsibility. It is not surprising that Indian consumers see corporations’ philanthropic responsibility as being more important than their legal responsibility. Consumers want corporations to contribute their money, facilities and employees’ time to humanitarian programs or purposes. Indians have been known as one of the most generous nations in the world. For example, the country’s rate of donation and participation in helping the victims of natural disasters in the world has always been very encouraging. In addition, we have always heard that the generous Indians have made financial pledges and contributions to help those in need, they be orphaned children, the poor, accident victims and so on. Although the Indian consumers themselves have been very generous, the expectation for business institutions to do the same is unquestionable. As for complying with rules and regulations, it is not surprising that Indian consumers ranked legal responsibility last compared with Carroll’s pyramid, which suggested that legal responsibility is the next most important responsibility Compared with those in developed nations, Indians regard rules lightly, to a certain extent, as we have always heard from the news about how Indians bend and ignore stipulated rules and regulations. Among the most common examples are the bending of traffic rules and regulations promoting environmental protection. 7. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS For academicians, this research makes a contribution to the understanding the underlying dynamics of the role of corporate social responsibility in consumers’ buying behaviour. The result of this study indicates that all of the CSR components have a significant relationship with consumers’ buying behaviour. However, the limitations of this study must also be considered. The major limitation relates to the sample. With only 250 usable respondents, this sample size might limit the external validity of the findings. Managers should note that this research supports previous results reported in the literature, suggesting that a substantial, viable and identifiable consumer group exists that considers a company’s level of social responsibility in its purchase decisions. Manufacturers and retailers have an opportunity to appeal to this group while simultaneously meeting their business objectives and make contributions to society. The type of CSR activities that should be engaged by the corporations should preferably be based on the priority indicated in the finding of this study, where the economic responsibility attribute has the most significant impact on consumers’ buying behaviour, followed by philanthropic responsibility, ethical responsibility and finally, legal responsibility. However, companies that promote themselves as socially responsible need to be prepared to deal with criticisms of any irresponsible behaviour they are seen as committing, as information travels within seconds in this information technology era. In contrast, companies who disregard expectations concerning social responsibly may risk consumer boycotts as a result of the strengthening of consumers’ awareness and rights in today’s market scenario. 8. References Ali, I. , Rehman, U. K. , Yilmaz, K. A. , Nazir, S. Ali, F. J. 2010. Effects of CSR on ConsumerRetention. African Journal of Business Management. Vol. 4, pp. 475-485. 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J. , Wicks, C. A. , Parmar, L. B. De Colle, S. 2010. Stakeholder theory: The state of the art. Cambridge University Press: UK. Friedman, M. 1970. The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase Its Profits. The New York Times Magazine. September, 13th. Garbarino, E. Johnson, M. S. 1999. The different roles of satisfaction, trust, and commitment in customer relationships. Journal of Marketing. Vol. 63, No. 2, pp. 70-87. Gronroos, C. 1983. Strategic Management and Marketing in the Service Sector. Marketing News. Vol. 17, No. 19, pp. 215-222. Grunert, G. K. 2005. Food quality and safety: consumer perception and demand. European Review of Agricultural Economics. Vol 32, No. 3, pp. 369–391. Gurhan-Canli, Z. Batra, R. 2004. When Corporate Image Affects Product Evaluations: The Moderating Role of Perceived Risk. Journal of Marketing Research. Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 197-205. Gustafsson, A. , Johnson, M. D. Roos, I. 2005. The Effects of Customer Satisfaction, Relationship Commitment Dimensions, and Triggers on Customer Retention. Journal of Marketing. Vol. 69, pp. 210-218. Hair Jr. , F. J. , Babin, B. , Money, H. A. Samouel, P. 2003. Essentials of Business Research Methods. John Wiley Sons, Inc: USA. Herr, P. M. , Kardes, F. R. , Kim, J. 1991. Effects of Word-of-Mouth and Product- Attribute Information on Persuasion: An Accessibility-Diagnosticity Perspective. Journal of Consumer Research. Vol. 17, pp. 454–462. Henning-Thurau, T. , Gwinner, K. Gremler, D. 2002. Understanding relationship marketing outcomes: An integration of relational benefits and relationship quality. Journal of Service Research. Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 230-247. Lafferty, B. , Barbara, A. , Ronald, E. G. (1999). Corporate credibility’s role in consumers’ attitudes and purchase intentions when a high versus a low credibility endorser is used in the ad. Journal of Business Research, 44(2), 109–116. Maignan, I. , Farrell, O. C. (2004). Corporate social responsibility and marketing: An integrative framework. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 32(1), 3–19. McAlister, D. T. , Ferrell, O. C. , Ferrell, L. (2003). Business society: A strategic approach to corporate citizenship. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflir Company. Mitchell, R. K. , Agle, B. R. , Wood, D. J. (1997). Toward a theory of stakeholder identification and salience: Defining the principle of who and what really counts. Academy of Management Review, 22(4), 853–887. Mohr, L. A. , Webb, D. J. (2005). The effects of corporate social responsibility and price on consumer responses. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 39(1), 121–147. Pirsch, J. , Gupta, S. , Grau, S. L. (2007). A framework for understanding corporate social responsibility programs as a continuum: An exploratory study. Journal of Business Ethics, 70, 125–140. Pomering, A. , Dolnicar, S. (2006). 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Consumer Decision Making Process

Question: Analyse theinternal and external factorsinfluencing the consumer decision making process for amajor purchase e.g. a car or a holiday. Answer: Introduction: The idea of the Consumer Buying Behaviorcan be designated as the buying behavioral pattern of the final consumers. Consumer Buying Behaviorconsists of the analysis of influencing factors those are instrumental in the process of decision making of the consumers buying decisions and how thy influence the decision of the customers. As opined by Hande and Ghosh 2015, a company needs to examinethe buying behaviorof the consumers as to utilize the decisive factors in developing its marketing strategy and thus ensuring the firms success. As opined by Ghosh and Ghosh 2013, the buying decision of a consumer can be influenced by a number of influencing factors. Theses factors are crucial to be evaluated by the companies to examine, as they are helpful in determining their strategy. However, these factors, which are influential in determining the consumer buying behavior, are manifold. There are a few internal and external factors, which are typically instrumental in determining the consumer bu ying behavior pattern. The case: In the following case study, the influential factors of the buying behavior of a person will be evaluated. A person with a moderate income lives in a locality of Australia. he did not have a car. Most of his neighbors and his friends owned cars, which are popular in the recent car market, and these are expensive too. His family and the friends told him to buy a car several times. However, he resisted it for a long. However, in the last month he bought a car, which is more expensive than his neighbors and friends. This is also causing him a budget cut in his daily routine. He was aware of this issue but he could not resist this buying decision. Now, with this real case study the author will examine the internal and external factorsinfluencing the consumers decision-making process for thismajor purchase of a car. The potential internal influences: As opined by Holland and Mandry 2013, there are a number of the internal factors are influential in the process of decision making of the consumers related to its buying. These internal factors typically mean the personal and the psychological factors of the consumers own self. As discussed by Prakash and Pathak 2014, this personal factor consists of the Perception, Learning, motivation, personality and attitude of the consumer. Now, if the Five Factor theory of the personality can be discussed, the buying behavior of the person in the case study can be identified (Gangai and Agrawal 2016). As discussed by Kumar 2015, the extrovert personality pattern is sometimes responsible for the extravagant buying behavior. The man in the case is also an extrovert. He has a large group of friends and he is popular in his group. He loved the idea to be popular among the friend circle by this buying decision. On the other hand, the core trait of instability is also there behind the decision of buying that car. The subject is a person who is moody and temperamental. His whimsical decision of buying can be cited as a proof of this claim. As opined by Gangai and Agrawal 2016, in many cases these personality patterns are influential in determining the extravagant buying behaviors of the consumers. Here, the learning factor of buying behavior can also be discussed. As opined by Khan 2013, the learning or the knowledge of the product or the services of a company determines the possibility of purchase of a product. Here, in the context of this case, the theory of cognitive learning can be discussed. The cognitive learning of the consumer can be discussed as the learning through the information gathering and intellectual processing. In the case of buying that car, the person set the goal of achieving popularity, increased social status and masculinity. The marketing and promotional advertisements have disseminated the idea that a consumer will be able to achieve all those by obtaining their car. It has driven him to the decision of buying a car. On the other hand, the attitude factors are also responsible for such decisions. As discussed by Badgaiyan and Verma 2014, customers attitudes are a mix of a consumers (1) idea about, (2) approach about, (3) and behavioral purpose toward some object. Here, in the context of this case, the person had a positive belief about the big and expensive cars and his positive feeling about the high-end brand shaped his buying intension. The advertisement also worked positively in shaping his attitude towards that brand. In addition to this, the motivational factors are also influential in determining the buying behavior pattern of the consumers. As discussed by Kumar 2015, according to the Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, people has a ladder of needs. When the basics are attended, the people want to obtain the higher level of requirements. In the context of this case, the person is a moderate earner. Hence, he may not have a physiological, Safety and Security Needs of the lower level of the Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. He is occupying the stage of social and ego needs. His social need of having popularity and the ego needs of status and self-esteem has driven him to buy an expensive car. In addition to this, if the examination of the McGuires Psychological Motives can be done, it can be found that the Affective preservation motives and Affective growth motives were instrumental in his decision-making. As discussed by Gangai and Agrawal 2016, here, his underlying motives were demonstrating his success to his neighbors and the sense of being powerful and wealthy by buying an expensive product. On the other hand, he has shown the manifest motives that a big car is more comfortable, it performs well and most importantly, most of his friends own such cars. All these typically influenced his buying behavior. His perception regarding that car has also influenced his buying behavior. As opined by Malik et al. 2013, the brand name of that particular company allured him to own that product. (Source: Hande and Ghosh 2015) The external or situational factors As opined by Khan 2013, there are a number of external or situational factors are there which influence the consumer buying behavior pattern. These external factors include Group Influence and Culture of the consumers. As man is a social animal, he cannot ignore the influence of the group. Now, the group influence mostly manipulates the purchase of the products like car, bike, etc. in the context of this case the ascribed group type i.e. the family influenced the buyer to buy that car. In addition to that, as mentioned by Singh 2013, the associative and the peer group i.e. his neighbors, friends and his colleges and their possession of cars made him decide in this way. The influence of the reference group influence i.e. the comparison between him and his friends regarding the ownership of car influenced him to buy a new and more expensive car. Here, the external factors influenced his internal drives to take a decision in favor of buying a car. In this discussed case, the expectations of the family member and the friends have driven the person to purchase that expensive car over an inexpensive one. The Aspirational reference group has also influenced his buying behavior. As opined by Gupta 2015, most of the branded and high-end car companies use the marketing strategy of celebrity endorsement. It creates an urge among the customers to be in the society of those celebrities. In the context of this discussed case, the person was also influenced by the urge of belonging in the same social status of those celebrities. In addition to this, the cultural values also determine the buying behavior of the consumers. As discussed by Holland and Mandry 2013, there are a number of cultural values, which can be cited as the determinant of the buying of a car. The environment oriented and self-oriented values like the idea of acquiring a higher cultural status, the materialistic culture of possession of wealthy products, the idea of immediate gratification of the materialistic urges were instrumental in determining his decision of buying that expensive car. His cultural values made him think that this car will provide him a better social status. He also possessed a materialistic view of life and it made him think about spending his money in acquiring the products of his choice as a way of seeking pleasure in life. Conclusion: Thus, theses internal and external or the situational factors were characteristically instrumental in shaping the purchasing choice of the consumer. The influence of the internal and external factors in the customer buying behavioral pattern is a very popular subject in the marketing management. The psychological factors are typically responsible for the buying decision of the customers. As discussed in the above case the demonstrative effect influenced the buyer to go beyond his buying capacity and compelled to buy that particular product. This demonstrative effect was originated by the influence of a number of deep-rooted internal factors. The personality pattern, motivations, learning and attitude of the person has driven him towards the influence of the demonstrative effect. On the other hand, the situational factors like the cultural setup and the reference group influence have motivated him to buy a product that will increase his social status and the acceptance within the grou p. References: Badgaiyan, A.J. and Verma, A., 2014. Intrinsic factors affecting impulsive buying behaviourEvidence from India.Journal of Retailing and consumer services,21(4), pp.537-549. Gangai, K.N. and Agrawal, R., 2016. The Influence of Personality Traits on Consumer Impulsive Buying Behaviour.International Journal of Marketing Business Communication,5(1). Ghosh, M.U.N.M.U.N. and Ghosh, A.R.I.N.D.A.M., 2013. Consumer buying behaviour in relation to consumption of teaa study of Pune City.International Journal of Sales Marketing Management Research and Development,3, pp.47-54. Gupta, K., 2015. Celebrity Endorsement And Its Impact On Consumer Buying Behaviour.SANJAY DIXIT, p.41. Hande, P.V. and Ghosh, D., 2015. A comparative study on factors shaping buying behaviour on B2B and B2C E-commerce platforms in India.EXCEL International Journal of Multidisciplinary Management Studies,5(3), pp.1-10. Holland, C.P. and Mandry, G.D., 2013, January. Online search and buying behaviour in consumer markets. InSystem Sciences (HICSS), 2013 46th Hawaii International Conference on(pp. 2918-2927). IEEE. Khan, H., 2013. 3 CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR.Principles of Marketing: A Value-Based Approach, p.71. Kumar, S., 2015. A STUDY ON CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS ORGANIZED RETAIL STORES IN ERODE DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU-INDIA.International Journal of Management Research and Reviews,5(12), p.1124. Malik, M.E., Ghafoor, M.M., Iqbal, H.K., Ali, Q., Hunbal, H., Noman, M. and Ahmad, B., 2013. Impact of brand image and advertisement on consumer buying behavior.World Applied Sciences Journal,23(1), pp.117-122. Modi, S. and Jhulka, T., 2012. Consumer buying behaviour: Changing shopping patterns.Int. J. Bus. Manag. Eco. Res,3(3), pp.527-530. Prakash, G. and Pathak, P., 2014. Understanding Rural Buying Behaviour: A Study with Special Reference to FMCG Products.Indian Journal of Marketing,44(8), pp.43-55. Singh, N., 2013. Cognitive effects of advertising on consumer buying process: a study of non-durable products.

Lady Philosophy Evil Is Nothing Essays - Philosophy Of Religion

Lady Philosophy Evil Is Nothing ?Evil is Nothing? Her argument of Evil is Nothing is very simple. She begins by speaking with Boethius and getting at the definition of what is good and how that is related to God. She starts out by stating that they agree on the fact of God. Then they come to the agreement that God is the good itself. They then state that there is nothing that can go against God and still have power because God is all-powerful and all good. Lady Philosophy then says, ?No one could doubt that God is omnipotent,? and Boethius responds by saying no one in their right mind could deny it. And she says that God can also do evil, which Boethius immediately states ?No.? After that remark she goes on to make her argument by stating that evil must be nothing because God can do anything but God can not do evil so therefore there is no such thing as evil. In this discussion, Lady Philosophy states that because God can do anything and that God cannot do evil then evil is nothing. Her statement is sound if you believe the statements that they both agreed on. First they said yes there is a God and yes God is good. They then agree on their good God being omnipotent, meaning that their God can do anything. Lady Philosophy then brings up her big argument. She says that God can do anything in the world that he wants to, anything at all, and that he is good. But she also says that God can do evil. This is usually a perspective that humans in general do not look at. We see God as being the good of the world and something to look up to. Her idea of God doing evil is rejected by Boetheius. This meaning that if he believes in evil then he cannot believe in a God that is all-powerful and cannot do good. Therefore Boethius contradicts himself, and Lady Philosophy is found to be correct. However, I agree with this idea and that her statement is sound. However, unlike Boethius I don't believe that God cannot do evil. If God is all powerful then of course he can do evil, rather he chooses not to, and because of this God is represented as only allowed to do good. But how can anything that is as powerful as that not be able to do something horrible. Another idea that can change her idea on evil is nothing is what exactly is good and what is evil. For the most part we all agree on a common idea of good and evil just from the words. Some people however can see a death and say that it was good. They can see people being hurt and put in pain and consider it good. The opposite is also true. Some people can see something good like a holiday and consider it evil. Although the argument of the definitions of good and evil does affect the outcome of her statement, it does seem to be a stretch. The main argument that can be made is if God is all-powerful, if there is a God at all, if God is good, and if God possesses the ability to do evil. Philosophy

Debenhams International Expansion Strategy Essays

Debenhams International Expansion Strategy Essays Debenhams International Expansion Strategy Essay Debenhams International Expansion Strategy Essay DEBENHAMS INTERNATIONAL EXPANSION STRATEGY History Debenhams is a chain of department stores based in the United Kingdom. Debenhams Retail Plc is part of the Debenhams Group of Companies. The company started as a retail outlet in 1778 with a nice British gentleman, William Franks and a fancy boutique: expensive fashionable clothing, gloves and bow ties, only for high class London society and grew to acquire other stores in town and cities in the UK such as Pauldins in Manchester and Browns of Chester. Most stores retained their former identities until a unified corporate image was rolled out across the stores. Debenhams was listed on the London Stock Exchange in 1928 and continued to expand. In 1985 the company was acquired by the Burton Group. At this point the company owned 65 stores. Debenhams demerged in 1998 and was once again listed as a separate company. Nowadays Debenhams is a business listed on the stock market, with about 200 stores in UK and worldwide and an annual turnover of 2,3 billion GBP, especially after the quick expansion through the 90’s. Debenhams stores are departmentalized as follows: Health and Beauty; Women’s wear; Menswear; Fashion Accessories; Young Fashion; Home; Children’s wear; Media Entertainment (ME depts. n all stores closing early 2004); Food Services; Customer Accounts. Debenhams stores vary greatly in size from country to country and from city to city; smaller stores do not have a full range of departments. A major source of business is concessions. These are shop-in-shops which can be found in most Debenhams stores such as Young Fa shion companies Oasis and Ladieswear outlet Evans. The companys innovation has proved successful by introducing branding into its mens and ladieswear lines. The Designers at Debenhams include Jasper Conran , John Richmond and John Rocha. In 2002 the Nectar loyalty card was introduced with Debenhams as a major sponsor. This card now allows customers to collect loyalty points from a range of retailers such as Sainsburys, BP, Barclaycard, Vodafone and Ford amongst others. Despite some criticism, the Debenhams Account Card is still a major source of revenue for the company ensuring customer loyalty and targeted mailings. The company was taken over by a private consortium later in 2003 and their exact future is uncertain in terms of future development.

Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 41

Reflection - Essay Example I could even picture white swans swimming beneath the water which flowed from the fountain. These added to life that seemed to eminate from the dynamic and ongoing flow. Likewise, I can even imaging the ripples from the body of water below as the fountain spurt forth its dynamic energy. It gives me a sense of rejuvenation; yet, also a feeling of serenity. I initially perceived that working with watercolors was fairly challenging. As such, Sargent evidently proved that his skills in painting were genuine and innate. The mixing of colors enabled him to create the impression that is intended to be relayed to the audience. The overall effect was therefore effective in eliciting different emotions from the viewers, depending on perspectives and how each person appreciated this particular work of art. I felt exhilirated and inpired when I look at this painting. The magnificent view and lush green landscape at the background was also captured in greater depth and detail. Even the fruit-bearing shrubs added appeal and impact to his work. When I viewed this painting, I would like to be brought to the actual scene; where I am sure it would present a breathtaking view. Thus, by viewing the painting, I am sure the audience is given a glimpse of the beauty of the garden where the painter got the inspiration from. Likewise, the painting also inspires others, especially those reflecting to emulate his profession and become artists in their own respective capacities. By learning how to appreciate works of arts which were created by artists through years of practice and through genuine interest in this endeavor, other prospective artists could likewise be inspired to create similar works of art. Thus, the painting became a source of inspiration and learning experience to look more closely a nd appreciate the beauty in the creation of artists, who wanted to share the exhilirating experience of seeing the magnificence in nature, through art.

Building Trust in your Leadership Among your Subordinates Research Paper - 1

Building Trust in your Leadership Among your Subordinates - Research Paper Example Leaders must make their weight considered by example and the implanting of assertiveness in their subordinates. The definitive evaluation of the success of leaders is when their prominence is considered by the accomplishment of the ones they lead. Therefore, a leader should not enforce power, since superiority in itself can not at all make a boss (Saunders, 2008). This paper will discuss the trust among the leaders and their assistants as well as the capabilities regarding the assessment of leadership. It will also outline the various models to be used, and procedures that would build the confidence of subordinates to their bosses. The script will also outline the importance of building trust between the junior staffs and their higher authority, as well as what leaders should do to develop their leadership skills. Trust between leaders and the junior staffs have significance in terms of unity and task accomplishment. It develops the personality contained by the authority and bind leaders along with the subordinates together. Friendship and unity are results of established trust among the subordinates and their persons in charge. Believing soldiers to carry out critical assignments keeps their standing and conceit on the limelight. The undertaking of an army leader becomes extremely personal, and chances rise once there is trust from the others. The leaders ought to have honesty to build trust along with sureness in their own selves and the subordinates. Once leaders do what is right, the junior staffs will have trust on them (Giovannelli, and Yamamoto, 2009, P 91-92). Development of trust has numerous consequences on the establishment and the leaders themselves. Firstly, there is a reduction in the necessity of the leaders to supervise sensitively, the subordinates for indications that they a re sticking to their expectations. Likewise, trust lessens the requirement

BUS599 - Integrative Project, Mod 1 Case Assignment Essay

BUS599 - Integrative Project, Mod 1 Case Assignment - Essay Example They have a well stretched network covering almost places in North America and United Kingdom housed just there. The company faced great success during its tenure over the past couple of years which was result of great devotion and dedication of a hardworking staff and consistently managing high standards of quality at a fairly acceptable price. Organic food is eco friendly and plays its part to reduce pollution as well as save water and mineral soil. It also helps in maintaining your health and provides a safe and nutritional food intake leading to a healthy digestive tract therefore this approach has led to the consumption of organic and natural food thereby increasing the sales of whole foods which is a great competitor for all others organic and natural foods in the mainstream market (Staff, 2012). Whole foods market has maintained its standard and has influenced the mindsets of many by diverting them towards nutrition filled healthy food. They are well known for their freshness a good example of their maintaining quality is that even the flowers they are selling are fresh and their scent can be smelt as soon as one enters their store. Another example of how they have revolutionized the conventional style of growing banana's; they have converted it to a proper science by studying the change of colors to deal with it life cycle yet maintaining its freshness. They sell everything fresh without any delay in delivering the food from the farms to the markets. Even their packed ready to go meals are really fresh (Lindstrom, 2011). The mission of whole foods market is to provide their customers with a hustle free shopping experience, to play its part in helping and caring about the community and preservation of nature, they intend to develop good habits of eating and enlightens through education to all its stakeholders, provide healthy and good quality of organic foods and developing continuing win-win deals or partner based relation with their providers. The core values of whole foods market are primarily based on five main components: firstly standard quality and their ongoing efforts to carry on with them. Secondly, to produce only organic form of food without any harmful chemicals used. Thirdly, producing ecologically certified sea food, which has "Responsibly Farmed" label which clearly indicates that it’s the highest quality which restricts use of growth developing hormones, antibiotics etc. to ensure good standards. Fourth is that they couldn’t compromise on quality by using proper breeding techniques and not incorporating such harmful methods which tend to be inorganic. Lastly, they are firm believers in community service leading to prosperity and happiness by changing lives globally (Drell, 2012). The important information related to the shares of whole foods market is described here, industry capital is $k 16,923,590 whereas the arrears remaining on shares are $k 185,520, those internal stakeholders are 8.8% and insti tutes which are stakeholders are 79.98%. It was observed that the return and growth in percentage fluctuated the following ways (it should be kept in mind that it is the percent change) the return for the first year was 14.76% and the fifth year growth by the generated revenue was 77.48%. The third year return was 84.23% and the growth in the five year earning tenure became 96.15%. It is surprising that the fifth year for the return became 156.13%

Strategy

Strategy Strategy Definition of: A strategy is a plan of action designed to achieve a particular goal. The word strategy has military connotations, because it derives from the Greek word for general. Strategy is the mean or the tool by which objectives are consciously and systematically pursued and obtained over time. A strategy is a long term plan of action designed to achieve a particular goal. Strategy is different from method. In military terms, tactic is concerned with the conduct of an engagement while strategy is concerned with how different engagements are linked. In other words, how a battle is fought is a matter of tactics: the terms that it is fought on and whether it should be fought at all is a matter of strategy. Q.1 Strategic and operating causes morita realized the importance of the american market during his trip thats where he decided the stategy for his compamny to devlope company market outside japan to capture the most important market in the world. Objective of stretegy objective was to capture the most important market in the world to gain more reputation in out side market,first he decided to change companys name from ttkkk to sony which became barnd name later on. first objective was to increse the globalisation to capture the important markets in the world and be more localised. sony appointed the mangement team that was well and truely capable in thier work. sony open their first office in 1960 to control the export and distribution of its product to get more control and hold in the target market and from the export of radios, magnetic tapes they received more then 50 % of their revenues. sony invested in r d to keep the balance between production and sales that they can produce the right amount of product according to demand. sony opened their first manufacturing plant in 1970 which started producing colour television which gave them a significant rise in sales beacuse everything was avilable to customres lacally in america during 1970 soony had been able to grow and profit as a manufaturerer of small consumer electronic goods compare to other companies its invenstment was modest in areas out side of consumer products,such as semiconductor and computers. (ref: http://www.sony.net/fun/sh/1-36/h1.html) - Q.2 Sony to Sustain in Current operational period. Have to increase its RD and bring new innovation because first mover may gain advantages in building distribution channel, in typing up spesilaized suppliers or in gaining the attention of customer. SONY needs to have more specialized forienger management team with the hope that the outsider will assist. SONY should implement more efficient and effective strategies to gain more strength in the market. open more distribution channels in the world specailly in europe and america. SONY to sustain in the market should advertize its product more to the general masses. SONY should maintain its quality standard. SONY to sustain in the market should cope with new technology and start proucing the product according to the trends of the markets. Q.3(a) A Company strategy and A Business strategy A Company strategy:- In Simple term, It is company aims in general and the way its hopes to achive them. The direction of an organization takes with the objective of achiving business success in the long term. The formulation of company startegy involes establishing the purpose and the scope of the organization activities and the nature of the business it is in taking the enviorment in which it operate its position in market palce and competetion it faces tion corporate palnnig and busiiness plan are use to implement company strategy. A Business Strategy: Long-term approach to implementing a firms business plans to achieve its business objectives. OR A course of action, including the specification of resources required, to achieve a specific objective. Business strtegy is a term used in business plannig that imples a careful selection and appilication of resource to obtain a copetative futre events or trends. Business strategy is concern more with how a business complete successfully in a particular market it concern strategic decesion about choice of product meeting needs of customers, gaing advanteges over competetors expoliting or creating new oppourtunitiesetc. The simplest is by developing slightly different offerings, perhaps to target slightly different markets from those it serves at the moment or to meet more precisely the needs a sub-segment of existing customers examples include: 1.Mcdonalds introduction of the bigger Big Mac, targeted at existing customers with above average appetites in order to increase their spend at McDonalds . 2. Sonys induction of a range of LCD TVs. Q.3 (b) Global strategy: Global strategy as defined in business terms is an organizations strategic guide to globalization. A sound global strategy should address these questions: what must be (versus what is) the extent of market presence in the worlds major markets? How to build the necessary global presence? What must be (versus what is) the optimal locations around the world for the various value chain activities? How to run global presence into global competitive advantage? A global strategy may be appropriate in industries where firms are faced with strong pressures for cost reduction but with weak pressures for local responsiveness. Therefore, it allows these firms to sell a standardized product worldwide. However, fixed costs (capital equipment) are substantial. Nevertheless, these firms are able to take advantage of scale economies and experience curve effects, because it is able to mass-produce a standard product which can be exported (providing that demand is greater than the costs involved). Global strategies require firms to tightly coordinate their product and pricing strategies across international markets and locations, and therefore firms that pursue a global strategy are typically highly centralized Characteristics of sony global stratege Morita co-founder of sony wants to make his copmany successful all around the global for that.he use a global strategy and its charecteics are as follows. when he went to usa he found that the american market is the better target market than the japanes market for electronic conusemers.so he decided to implement the strategy than can give him a significant. sony not only target american market but also keep note of the importance of the other markets in the world. sony status making it item locally so that it can achieve a balance in sales and production. sony makes item that are local to that market.sony starts his RD local so that sony can achive a better result in that part of local market,because differnet part of world got different consumeres and got different needs and satisfaction point. sony has given such innovation and quality in their product that customers can be satisfied.this strategy was adopted all over the world by sony. Q.4: Corporate planning and strategic planning Corporate Panning Is concerned with an organizations basic direction for the future: its purpose,its ambitions, its resources and how it interacts with the world in which it operates Involves decisions about the organization as whole. defines the activities of the organization and structure. The process of drawing up detailed action plans to achieve an organizations goals and objectives, taking into account the resources of the organization and the environment within which it operates. Corporate planning represents a formal, structured approach to achieving objectives and to implementing the corporate strategy of an organization. It has traditionally been seen as the responsibility of senior management. The use of the term became predominant during the 1960s but has now been largely superseded by the concept of strategic management. Strategic Planning. A fundamental pattern of present and planned objectives, resource deployments and interactions of an organization with markets, competitors, and other environmental factors. Strategic Planning process. Mission Objectives. Environment Scanning. Strategy Formulation. Strategy Implementation. Evaluation Control. Strategic planning is an organizations process of defining its strategy, or direction, and making decisions on allocating its resources to pursue this strategy, including its capital and people. Various business analysis techniques can be used in strategic planning, including SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats ) and PEST analysis (Political, Economic, Social, and Technological analysis) or STEER analysis (Socio-cultural, Technological, Economic, Ecological, and Regulatory factors) and EPISTEL (Environment, Political, Informatic, Social, Technological, Economic and Legal). Corporate planing consist of objectives, aims and strategies of any organization on the other hand Strategic planning will give us direction how to take the right decisions at the right time to achieve these aims, objectives and strategies. Example of Corporate planning. Corporate Planning of IBM. For decades IBMs corporate, bussiness, and marketing strategies were all very successful. By the mid 1990s, however, several of IBMs traditional businesses were in trouble.The companys share of the worldwide PC market fell to about 8 percent in 1990, third behind Dell and Compaq. Worse, the firms Pc business was projected to lose $400 million, on top of a $1 billion loss in 1998. A New Corproate Strategy. when Lou Gerstner took over as IBMs chief executive in 1994, he and a task force of other executives, including many from the marketing and sales ranks, reexamined all the firms businesses, customer segments, competitors, and potential competitors. Thier Conclusion : the internet would change everything. They foresaw that The real leadership in the [ information technolgy] industry was moving away from the creartion of technology to the application of the technology, says Gerstner. The explosive growth is in service. Further We concluded that this[the internet] was not an information superhighway. This was all about business, doing transaction, not looking up information. consequenty, IBMs top excutives began to refocus the corporate mission,de-emphasising the development and manufacture of high-tech hardware while increasing the emphasis on providing customers with e-business engineering,software, and outsourcing services.to leverage the firms existing competencies and its long-term relationships with its traditional customers, many of the new services the firm developed concentrate on helping large, brick- and mortar firms (1) hook old corporate databases (often on mainframes)into new online systems, (2) integrate web technology into their internal business processes to improve efficiency, and (3) develop and run company websites.for instance, lego, the danish toy manufacturer, pays IBM to run its entire Web operation, including contracting with the danish post office to handle shipping. but the corporation has also expanded the scope of both its new service and old hard-ware businesses to embrace smaller customers. for example, in 2002 the firm released scaled-down version of its database,email, and network management software that are easier to maintain and up to 80 per cent cheaper than its standard versions. IBM also announced a partnership with J.D edwards co. in which the provider of tech services to midsized companies will base its entire software menu on IBM programs.

The Different Reasons for Marriage Shown in Pride and Prejudice :: Pride and Prejudice Essays

Marriage was a central theme in Jane Austen's book "Pride and Prejudice" as in her time marriage was done when the women were quite young. Jane Austen uses this book to express her emotion that women didn't have much of a say in many things and they weren't allowed to work and shouldn't learn. Jane Austin's book shows us three main reasons to get married the first is that people should get married for money, another reason to get married is for passion, and the final reason to get married is to marry out of love. A financial marriage was a great prospect for Charlotte as she had an unknown amount of brothers and sisters and if her father died and she wasn't married she would have to borrow money from her brothers, she also knew it was a good marriage with Mr Collins as he was to come into a lot of money very soon as the story say that: "Mr Collin's present circumstance made it a most eligible match for their daughter, to whom they could give little fortune; and his prospects of future wealthy were exceedingly fair". Lady Catherine De Bourgh doesn't believe in love as she wants all marriages to stay in the family and she wanted to keep the wealth in the family but she also didn't want her family to marry people in lower classes of work to be in her family. "You have no regard, then, for the honour and credit fro my nephew! Unfeeling, selfish girl! Do you not consider that a connection with you, must disgrace him in the eyes of everybody?" Mrickham tries to marry Miss King but her parents successfully protect her, as he would gain about  £10,000 pounds from her, he would then divorce her and run off with Mr Bennets daughter Lydia for his passionate needs, then Mr Darcy pays Mr Wickham to marry Lydia so that he can marry Elizabeth. Mrs Bennet treats marriage as a business as she wants her daughters to get married so that if Mr Bennet should die they her family would have somewhere to stay. The marriage between Mr and Mrs Gardiner is based on their love for each other and their family, they show their love for their family when they give great advice to Elizabeth about Mr Darcy, also when they take Elizabeth around part of England and will look after her. When Mr Bingley and Jane meet each other they instantly fall in love and meet much more often and will get married after a great deal of obstacles put in they way by his sisters and one put in the way by Mr

Dimmesdale: The Scarlet Letter Essay

Richard Perle, a political advisor of the 1940s, once said, â€Å"Sometimes the things we†¦ do seem objectionable in the eyes of others† (â€Å"Brainy Quote† 7). This is true of people and situations we encounter in our everyday lives, and all of us are most likely deemed objectionable more frequently than we realize. Our behaviors can appear undesirable, offensive, or scornful to others, while we may not conceive it ourselves. This is certainly true of the way readers perceive Dimmesdale’s actions to be in The Scarlet Letter, an acclaimed novel by Nathaniel Hawthorne. The story is a romance involving characters that have been embroidered so intricately that their natures can be equated to the needlework created by Hester, a protagonist in the story. The complexity of the romance woven into the tale soon consumed the lives of all three of the main characters, to the point where both Arthur Dimmesdale and Roger Chillingworth, the two male characters in the plot, underwent drastic changes. Uncharacteristically, the romance brought out the worst in the characters, allowing the reader to question which of these two men can be considered to have the least admirable of qualities. Arthur Dimmesdale, because of his lack of moral fiber, his inability to living up to the values of both the Puritan and Christian beliefs of his ministry, his cowardice, and his hypocrisy, is by far the most objectionable character of the two. Unable to control his lustful impulses, Arthur Dimmesdale committed adultery with Hester, and sired their illegitimate child, Pearl. Dimmesdale’s immorality defied all that he preached as a minister, as well as the commandments of his Christian faith. Dimmesdale made an extremely poor decision. To make matters worse, while Hester continued to be publicly scorned for her sin of adultery, Dimmesdale’s chose to conceal his part in this sin from the public. He left the entire burden of this sin on Hester’s slim shoulders. Because of his unwillingness to confess sleeping with another man’s wife, Dimmesdale lived a life of guilt and adopted vigils involving self-harm; â€Å"In Mr. Dimmesdale’s secret closet, under lock and key, there was a bloody scourge. Often times [he] had plied it on his own shoulders†¦ it was his custom, too, as it has been that of many other pious Puritans, to fast† (Hawthorne 289-291). He both fasted and whipped himself, emulating devout Catholics. Dimmesdale failed to open himself to help and choose other forms of repentance, making his choices additional bad stitches in the tapestry of his life. Dimmesdale’s failure to realize that his poor decisions were leading him into a downward spiral and that there were ways to dig himself out of his grave, confirm in the reader his disreputable character. As mentioned before, Dimmesdale’s sin of adultery was kept quiet, as he never publicly confessed his actions, nor took responsibility for them. As the minister of the Boston, he was revered and admired by the entire town. â€Å"â€Å"The godly youth! † said they among themselves. â€Å"The saint on earth! †Ã¢â‚¬ (289), did the congregation exclaim regularly. It is because of this acclaim and Dimmesdale wish to keep his high place in the social hierarchy that he refrained from publicly revealing his true character. The narration comments on Dimmesdale’s practices saying, â€Å"And he himself, in so far as he shows himself in a false light†¦ the only truth that continued to give Mr. Dimmesdale a real existence on this earth was the anguish in his inmost soul,† (293). The only truth was his anguish. The minister continued to struggle with himself, and after one night of his dangerous vigils, staggered to the scaffold on which Hester had stood years earlier, in an attempt at confession. Pearl and Hester, coming back from an errand, joined him and Pearl asked if he would stand with her and her mother at noontide. Dimmesdale’s reply disappointed her as he said, â€Å"â€Å"Nay; not so, my little pearl! †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ for, with the new energy of the moment, all the dread of public exposure, that had so long been the anguish of his life, had returned upon him†¦ â€Å"Not so†¦ I shall, indeed, stand with thy mother and thee one other day, but not to-morrow† (307). In this instance, Dimmesdale disregarded his wishes to liberate his soul and once again refused to own his sin. For some time, Dimmesdale was patient and carried on with his life, but his patience slowly metamorphosed into cowardice, a despicable trait in a man. Further supporting the argument that Dimmesdale was a hypocrite, is the fact that he preached prodigious sermons on the topic of morality and confession, but was unable to live up to their messages. Roger Chillingworth stated this to Hester, â€Å"his spirit lacks the strength that could have borne up, as thine has, beneath a burden like thy scarlet letter† (343). Dimmesdale could preach the consequences of sin, but could neither keep himself from sinning nor own up to his sin. When Hester was put onto the scaffold, Dimmesdale spoke to her directly, as he was directed to do by the magistrates, in an effort to force her to speak of her sinner, and said, â€Å"Be not silent from any mistaken pity and tenderness for him†¦ though he were to step down from a high place, and stand there beside thee, on thy pedestal of shame, yet better were it so, than to hide a guilty heart through life†¦ Thy silence †¦ compel him†¦ to add hypocrisy to sin? † (133). Dimmesdale argued that if her lover were to step down from his high status onto the scaffold beside Hester, it would be better than for him to hide his sin for eternity. Yet, Dimmesdale, the sinner, did not do this. Lastly, Dimmesdale stated when meeting with Hester, â€Å"I should long ago have thrown off these garments of mock holiness, and have shown myself to mankind as they will see me at the judgment-seat. Happy are you, Hester, that wear the scarlet letter openly upon your bosom! Mine burns in secret! † (383-385) and ultimately expressed to her his jealousy towards her. He envied how public her sin was and stated that he was in agony because his scarlet letter burned in secret. Yet, he, coward and hypocrite that he was, refused to state his sin to the entirety of Boston. Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale cannot have his cake and eat it too. His impotence was contemptible. As a minister and leader of the town, he should have been able to remain strong and reinvent himself. Some readers may argue that Roger Chillingworth, Hester’s husband, was the more abominable of the two, claiming that he wed Hester knowing she did not love him and that he did not love her, tormented both Hester and Dimmesdale, and turned into a devil. In order to fully understand and empathize with Chillingworth, the reader must consider things from his point of view, climb into his skin and walk around in it. It was common in Puritan times for couples to wed for money and security rather than for love. Many of these loveless marriages were successful. In addition, Chillingworth’s â€Å"torments† towards Hester and Dimmesdale were out of passion towards his wife. He, like any other man, felt it necessary to remain close to his wife, regardless of the lack of love felt between them. Yes, Chillingworth did turn into a bit of a devil in the end, lusting after vengeance towards Dimmesdale. But Dimmesdale turned into a floppy, soggy, mush of fabric, unable to support himself. Chillingworth was still able to support himself, and properly chase after and acquire his goal. Dimmesdale was not. In summation, Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale was an objectionable character not only because of his cowardice, but because of his hypocrisy, lack of moral fiber, and poor choices. Ambrose Bierce, a journalist in the 1940s caveats to his readers, saying â€Å"note the particulars in which one person or thing is, if possible, more objectionable than another. † (â€Å"Think Exist†, 9). And as readers of The Scarlet Letter, we do just that; the audience realizes the altogether disgraceful character of Dimmesdale, a man whose life came apart at the seams because of love, but who, because of his poor choices, was unable to stitch his muddled tapestry back together. In many ways, The Scarlet Letter is actually Dimmesdale’s story, as the central struggle is his. The other characters employ nearly fixed positions while the minister must – in one sensational decision – dismantle his actions of seven years’ time. And it is that reversal that marks his defeat over himself and marks the apex of the novel. Works Cited Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter: A Kaplan SAT Score-raising Classic. New York: Kaplan Pub. , 2006. Print. â€Å"Objectionable Quotes and Quotations. † Think Exist. N. p. , n. d. Web. 22 Oct. 2013. â€Å"Objectionable Quotes. † BrainyQuote. Xplore, n. d. Web. 22 Oct. 2013.

U.S.s Involvment in WWI essays

U.S.'s Involvment in WWI essays At the start of the war, President Wilson had declared the neutrality of the United States. Most Americans opposed US involvement in the European war, but the sinking of the Lusitania and other actions made by Germany, American citizens drew America sympathies to the Allies. German military leaders believed that they could still win the war by cutting off British supplies. They expected their U-boats to starve Britain into surrendering within a few months, longer before the US had fully prepared for war. Germany's government had announced it was its purpose to put aside all restraints of law or of humanity and use its submarines to sink every vessel that sought to approach either the ports of Great Britain and Ireland or the western coasts of Europe or any of the ports controlled by the enemies of Germany within the Mediterranean. The new policy has swept every restriction aside. Vessels of every kind, whatever their flag, their character, their cargo, their destination, their errand, had been ruthlessly terminated without warning and without help or mercy for those on board, the vessels of friendly neutrals along with those of nations against them, even hospital ships and ships carrying relief to the people of Belgium It is a war against all nations. American ships had been sunk, American lives taken, and the ships and people of other neutral and friendly nations had been sunk and overwhelmed in the waters in the same way. There has been no discrimination. The U.S. thought that it would suffice to assert their neutral rights with arms, which turned out to be a useless attempt. This is one reason the U.S. decided to go to war. Tension between the US and Germany increased after the British intercepted and decoded a message from Germany's minister, Arthur Zimmermann, the German ambassador to Mexico. This message was known as the "Zimmermann note". It revealed a German plot to persuade Mexico to go to war against the Unit...

The eNotes Blog Top Ten Summer Readings for2013

Top Ten Summer Readings for2013 Ahhhh, summer! Finally, some time for a bit of pleasure reading. Got a gift certificate youve been hanging on to? (Ha. Mine are gone minutes after they hit my hands.) Or maybe you are just overwhelmed with choices and dont want to waste precious free time on something that isnt so great. Well, we at want to help you get the most out of your summer reading Here are ten suggestions offered by my very well-read friends who occasionally hang up their tweed jackets and loosen their professorial buns (no, not hair).   Here you will find a combination of new and older works, both fiction and non-fiction, serious and comedic.   So pick a few and let us know what YOU think! 1.   Mad Women: The Other Side of Life on Madison Avenue by Jane Maas Are you a fan of AMCs Mad Men and Peggy and Joan in particular? Curious about what life was really like on Madison Avenue in the 60s? Then you will enjoy Maass exploration of life in the ad game in the 1960s and beyond . 2.   Confessions of an Ex-Girlfriend by Lynda Curnyn A good beach read by a first time novelist. A friend says it is the only romance novel Ive ever finished. Suddenly single when her aspiring screenwriter boyfriend takes off for a hot job in L.A., bridal magazine editor Emma Carter is forced to reassess her appearance, her job, and her prospects-and take action. A diverse cast of engaging, occasionally offbeat characters, the hilarious sayings attributed to them, and a fast-paced style facilitated by Emmas pithy sound-bite confessions add to the fun in a lively Manhattan-set story that, while not a true romance, leaves the heroine happily pursuing her dreams and involved in a satisfying romantic relationship. This work may appeal to those who enjoy Bridget Jones-type books and like their stories urban, trendy, and slightly ambiguous. Curnyn is a fiction editor and lives in New York. This is her first novel. Library Journal 3. The Worst Hard Time by Timothy Egan As a Steinbeck scholar, this has been on my own list for a long time, and I was pleased to see that several friends highly recommend it as well. Egens gripping true story of living through the Dust Bowl is also a National Book Award winner. 4.   Wash by Margaret Wrinkle This novel was recommended by one of my closest friends so I will be popping this into my shopping cart soon. It sounds fascinating. The Atlanta Journal Constitution calls Wash Amazing . . . Never has a fictionalized window into the relationship between slave and master opened onto such believable territory . . . Wash unfolds like a dreamy, impressionistic landscape . 5.   Who I Am  by Pete Townshend Rock n roll bios seem to make the list every year and this summer is no exception. If youve ever fantasized about pummeling a guitar to bits on stagethis is the book for you. Rock out by the pool and learn the story of a man who. wanted The Who to be called The Hair. loved The Everly Brothers, but not that drawling dope Elvis. wanted to be a sculptor, a journalist, a dancer and a graphic designer. became a musician, composer, librettist, fiction writer, literary editor, sailor. smashed his first guitar onstage, in 1964, by accident. heard the voice of God on a vibrating bed in rural Illinois.. Whats not to love? 6.   Shadow of the Wind by Carlos Ruiz Zafon Another recommendation from a good friend (I am going to be so broke by the time this list is done). Barcelona, 1945: A city slowly heals in the aftermath of the Spanish Civil War, and Daniel, an antiquarian book dealer’s son who mourns the loss of his mother, finds solace in a mysterious book entitled The Shadow of the Wind, by one Julin Carax. But when he sets out to find the author’s other works, he makes a shocking discovery: someone has been systematically destroying every copy of every book Carax has written. In fact, Daniel may have the last of Carax’s books in existence. Soon Daniel’s seemingly innocent quest opens a door into one of Barcelona’s darkest secretsan epic story of murder, madness, and doomed love. 7.   Chanel Bonfire: A Memoir by Wendy Lawless Another friend suggests this, saying:    Chanel Bonfire is brilliant. Its a memoir by the witty, sharp daughter of a beautiful 1970s jet setter. The social climbing Mom has mental illness and alcoholism. Its actually quite funny, in a black humour sense. Highly recommend it. 8.   Devil in the White City: Murder, Madness, and Magic at the Fair That Changed America by Erik Larson This friend says, Devil in the White City is a fascinating intertwining of two contemporaneous true events: a serial murderer operating in Chicago and the lead-up to, running, and aftermath of the Chicago Worlds Fair. Its heavy on history and architecture, but I really liked it. 9.   Defending Jacob by William Landay What is it about legal thrillers and summer? Lots of people love them and a very literate friend suggests this one, so on the list it goes. Award-winning author William Landay has written the consummate novel of an embattled family in crisis- a suspenseful, character-driven mystery that is also a spellbinding tale of guilt, betrayal, and the terrifying speed at which our lives can spin out of control. 10.   Tales of the South Pacific by James A. Michener Every man I have ever known loves Michener.   Published in 2011, this volume is a collection of tales is set against the background of the South Pacific, the endless ocean, the coral specks called islands, the coconut palms, the reefs, the lagoons, the jungles, and the full moon rising against the volcanoes. Sounds like the perfect summer mental escape!

Technology and Innovation management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Technology and Innovation management - Essay Example The best example for the creation and disappearance of industries due to the emergence of new technologies is manifestation of the many technological changes in the music industry. The topic also defines strategic management as an ongoing process upon which an organization aligns itself to meeting the challenges brought out by the changing environment. I have learnt that this part of the topic is much related to IT networking administrator, my place of work. As an IT networking administrator, I see the dynamic nature of technology and innovation as something that will require me to constantly keep in touch with it. Consistent with the tenets of strategic management, as an IT networking administrator must implement policies that will lead to meeting the objectives of the group. Part II of the topic is concerned with how firms create new technology, processes or products to meet their internal objectives. The topic asserts that though process innovation is difficult to implement, firms should strive to develop or make improvements in their systems and process to make it a reality. Further, the topic points out that leadership, engagement, and extension are the main elements necessary for effective implementation of an innovation. As noted by Ashton, Metzler & Associates (n.d) an IT networking administrator need to be in a position that is up to date with the current innovation. As an IT networking administrator, I see myself as a leader who needs to integrate leadership qualities, engagement and extension into my day-to-day operations for my career to be successful. This part of the topic asserts that planning process is normally affected by the external method used by a given business. In addition, the topic points out that for proper implementation of an innovation, a firm requires to address the four primary elements, which include execution, leadership, integration and