Volstead Act Free Essays

The color purple and Girl Essay Example For Students

The shading purple and Girl Essay Celies first incredible and suffering female relationship is with her more youthful sister, Nettie. Such is the bond between the two sisters that when their stepfather takes steps to assault Nettie, Celie offers herself in her place. Celies life of drudgery and sexual debasement proceeds into her wedded existence with Albert, a man who she at first feelings of dread so much she can just allude to him as Mr. He treats her like a slave and he puts forth a valiant effort to cut off the sisters association by catching Netties letters. Walkers depiction of Celie accentuates the hardships of life that a lady can understanding and survive. We will compose a custom exposition on The shading purple and Girl explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Conversely, she portrays Nettie, who turns into an African evangelist, as a lady who is even more a women's activist and is increasingly mindful of the cruel real factors of a male centric culture. Through her letters Nettie attempts to manage Celie and cause her to understand that she merits a superior life. She features the social contrasts and the likenesses among American and African culture. The Olinka ladies she works with appear to be glad to impart their spouses to one another and their lives revolve around work, their kids and their associations with one another since, a lady can't generally have a man for a companion without the most exceedingly terrible sort of alienation and gossip6. Along these lines, Celie shares her better half with Shug Avery, takes a shot at the land and in the home and has a gathering of female companions. The sisters are both first individual storytellers and Walker unmistakably shows that they compose as a demonstration of trust, keeping up their spirits and connecting with one another, trusting in one another, teaching one another and supporting each other through the troublesome occasions. Blues artist, Shug Avery, is the affection for Celies life and furthermore her spouses fancy woman. Nonetheless, it is clear, some time before Celie meets Shug, that she lean towards men to ladies, I take a gander at ladies, tho, cause Im not terrified of them7. Celie gets besotted with a photo of Shug, A now when I dream, I long for Shug Avery8. They in the long run meet and become hopelessly enamored, starting an on-off long haul lesbian relationship. Shug is a capable, autonomous lady and shows Celie a departure course from an incredible drudgery. She demonstrates her that on the off chance that she needs to be dealt with well and with deference she needs to go to bat for herself. Celie just feels genuinely explicitly adored after her revelation of lesbian joys, denoting another progression towards her autonomy. As she acquires self-assurance from being with Shug, she faces Albert, You a lowdown hound is whats wrong, I state. Its opportunity to leave you and go into the Creation. What's more, your dead body is only the doormat I need. 9 Another partner is solid disapproved and solid bodied Sofia. From the outset Celie is desirous of Sofias insight, certainty and freedom and aversions her pity of her thus sells out her by exhorting her better half, Harpo to beat her. Whenever she sees him he is battered and wounded and unmistakably Sofia went to bat for herself and hit him back. Celie feels regretful of her treachery and Sofia is enraged yet they can talk and eliminate any confusion air and they giggle together when Sofia encourages Celia to, slam Mr. head open10. To solidify their fellowship, they start to take a shot at a blanket from the destroyed curtains11 Celie made for Sofia when she got hitched. This conventional blanket is representative of womens solidarity with each fix speaking to a lady on its own little and immaterial yet when bound together making a solid solidarity and feeling of harmony. Another reference comes when Mr. what's more, his sibling, Tobias, are on the yard with Celie and Sofia, who are knitting. .ua2914bb0dd29d72eb103159b4bb3d3f1 , .ua2914bb0dd29d72eb103159b4bb3d3f1 .postImageUrl , .ua2914bb0dd29d72eb103159b4bb3d3f1 .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .ua2914bb0dd29d72eb103159b4bb3d3f1 , .ua2914bb0dd29d72eb103159b4bb3d3f1:hover , .ua2914bb0dd29d72eb103159b4bb3d3f1:visited , .ua2914bb0dd29d72eb103159b4bb3d3f1:active { border:0!important; } .ua2914bb0dd29d72eb103159b4bb3d3f1 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ua2914bb0dd29d72eb103159b4bb3d3f1 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ua2914bb0dd29d72eb103159b4bb3d3f1:active , .ua2914bb0dd29d72eb103159b4bb3d3f1:hover { murkiness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ua2914bb0dd29d72eb103159b4bb3d3f1 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: rela tive; } .ua2914bb0dd29d72eb103159b4bb3d3f1 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content beautification: underline; } .ua2914bb0dd29d72eb103159b4bb3d3f1 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ua2914bb0dd29d72eb103159b4bb3d3f1 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content design: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua2914bb0dd29d72eb103159b4bb3d3f1:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ua2 914bb0dd29d72eb103159b4bb3d3f1 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ua2914bb0dd29d72eb103159b4bb3d3f1-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ua2914bb0dd29d72eb103159b4bb3d3f1:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Martin Luther King Jr EssayShug enters to hear the two men deprecating all the ladies they know. She participate with the sewing and her activity puts her immovably joined with Sofia and Celie. Theres little uncertainty this blanket, with the example Sisters Choice, and its message, will be given to girls and granddaughters. When Sophia is sent to jail her system of female companions lift up to help and bolster her. That she endures her detainment, partition from her youngsters and resulting subjugation is a demonstration of this help and her very own quality. One of her primary partners during this period is Mary Agnes and this is another female character that develops in quality all through the story and accomplishes her fantasy. Celies developing freedom is underscored when she begins to wear pants, beforehand a men-possibly article of clothing, and her monetary autonomy is made sure about when she begins her own effective fitting business, Folkspants, Unlimited. When Nettie in the long run gets back, rejoining Celie with her youngsters that Alfonso had detracted from her such a large number of years prior, Celies life is finished. The two stories are about the passing on of understanding and while the peruser never knows whether Kincaids Girl accepted the counsel offered, in The Color Purple, the peruser sees the proof of ladylike guidance and backing being given and taken like the Olinka ladies the ladies are companions and will do anything for one another12. 1503 words. References: 1. Carter, A. (ed) (1986) Wayward Girls and Wicked Women, Virago, pp. 326-7, Girl by Kincaid, Jamaica 2. On the same page. 3. On the same page. 4. Walker, Alice, (1983) The Color Purple, The Womens Press Limited 1983, p. 3 5. In the same place., p. 3 6. In the same place. , p. 141 7. In the same place. , p. 7 8. On the same page. , p. 8 9. In the same place. , p. 170 10. On the same page. , p. 39 11. In the same place. , p. 39 12. In the same place. , p. 141 Bibliography: Carter, A. (ed) (1986) Wayward Girls and Wicked Women, Virago, pp. 326-7, Girl by Kincaid, Jamaica Goodman, Lizbeth (ed) (1996) Approaching Literature: Writing and Gender, Routledge in relationship with The Open University, Milton Keynes Padley, Steve (ed) (2001) Approaching Prose Fiction, The Open University, Milton Keynes Walker, Alice, (1983) The Color Purple, The Womens Press Limited 1983, London.

Fundamental Principles of Adult Education free essay sample

Key Principles of Adult Education University of Phoenix AET 505 August 15, 2011 Abstract Part of being a decent, quality instructor is to gain proficiency with the learning styles of the understudies and adjust to those types of learning. Grown-up learning is developing, increasingly more are setting off for college at later stages throughout everyday life. Out of the 35 individuals, there will be a wide range of learning styles. Malcom Knowles is known for characterizing qualities of grown-up learning. Malcom Knowles Malcom Knowles concentrated in the field of grown-up learning. His primary objective was to build up a hypothesis about andragogy, which is a hypothesis explicitly for grown-up learning. Knowles takes note of that grown-ups are self-coordinated and are relied upon to assume liability for choices. Grown-up learning techniques must suit this significant viewpoint. Knowles notes six attributes for grown-up learning:  ·Adults are free  ·Have beneficial encounters like family and work  ·Adults have objectives they need to accomplish  ·Adults need things to be pertinent  ·Adults are reasonable and discover approaches to apply data to their work or life  ·They need to be demonstrated regard Due to the qualities of realizing there have been advancements of various showing styles and hypotheses. We will compose a custom exposition test on Central Principles of Adult Education or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Hypotheses about grown-up training have been ordered into four fundamental models. These models would be organic, mental, sociocultural, and subjective. Natural Growing old is a piece of life, and sadly with age comes changes. These progressions influence how we learn and take in new data. Our hearing reductions, our vision gets more unfortunate, and the mind turns out to be more slow at engrossing and holding new data. To suit to the more develop grown-ups in the study hall, I would ensure the more established grown-ups were nearer to me to hear me talk. I would ensure any presents, schoolwork, or course readings have a good estimated text style that they could peruse. Maybe having incessant tests will help discover how well the more established individuals from the homeroom are holding the data. Mental Psychology is practices and mental procedures. To learn is clearly a psychological procedure, however how an individual adapts should be resolved. A few people have an additional hands on way to deal with learning, while others are visual students. A model would be somebody who had dyslexia and sees things in reverse; they need various directions to take in the data. Likewise, individuals act in an unexpected way. A model would act naturally, I have ADHD. I don't care to sit for significant stretches of time since I just can’t keep my focus. Keeping the consideration of such an age range could present issues. Keeping addresses short, blending things up, taking a break could all be approaches to ensure everyone’s ready to focus and capitalize on the lessons. Sociocultural The world that we live in shapes the individuals we are, the means by which we get things done, and how we live. Societies direct a ton of learning, as does family status. Individuals that have families live bustling lives. A customary family today presently has two working guardians, alongside kids. On the off chance that they are taking classes notwithstanding their tumultuous calendar they don’t have the opportunity to squander, are engaged and decided. While, a multi year old with no spouse and no youngsters is more probable the one to invest less energy into the schoolwork, bound to miss class, and bound to do the negligible measure of work to get by. Instructing techniques must energize all ages, societies, and races. Subjective Cognitive learning is the way the mind forms data. All ages learn by encountering, contacting, and tuning in. Indeed numerous types of creatures learn by a similar way. In the case of somebody with dyslexia, their cerebrum forms data in reverse, so they need to retrain their mind and discover a way they can process the data properly. With myself having ADHD, I don’t have the persistence to endure class addresses, which is the reason I do web based learning. I can peruse some time, and afterward stop. I can deal with my task for ten minutes, and afterward go accomplish something different. As an educator is critical to discover how everybody forms their data nd work with them to hold it, in any case the learning and lessons are futile. End Life directs who we are as people. Instruction is a decision, yet it’s significant as a teacher to boost the learning experience for each individual that decides to sit in a study hall or go to on the web. Adjust to the reality no two individuals will be similar on how they learn and ingest the data instructed in class. Myself, as an educate a nd an understudy need to accomplish the most ideal outcomes and set forth all the exertion I can to ensure my understudies are instructed fittingly, and that I’m being instructed suitably. References Imel, Susan (2001) Adult Development No. 22 Knowles, M. (1975). Self-Directed Learning. Chicago: Follet. Knowles, M. (1984). The Adult Learner: A Neglected Species (third Ed. ). Houston, TX: Gulf Publishing. Knowles, M. (1984). Andragogy in real life. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Andragogy and Malcolm S. Knowles (1913-1997) Unknown Author, Retrieved from the World Wide Web on August 12, 2011 http://www. thinkquest. organization/pls/html/think. library

Healthcare Delivery System Bhs 450 Module 4 Slp free essay sample

BHS450 Module 4 SLP The children’s medicinal services program in Maryland is known as the Children’s Medical Services Program (CMS). The prerequisites for qualification are entirely simple. You should be between the ages of 0-21 years old with a handicap or interminable sickness that needs clinical assessment as well as observing. The kid must be a Maryland occupant, and the parent’s must meet the CMS Program’s salary necessities. The salary qualification scale gives a few guides to help future recipients in checking whether they meet all requirements for CMS for their youngster. They give the accompanying: †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"If a group of three has a yearly pay of $35,000, the family’s yearly salary would qualify the kid for the CMS Program. We will compose a custom exposition test on Medicinal services Delivery System Bhs 450 Module 4 Slp or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page †¢If a group of three has a yearly pay before clinical costs of $38,000 and has made yearly installments for qualified clinical costs of $2,000, the family’s yearly balanced pay of $36,000 would qualify the youngster for the CMS Program. On the off chance that a group of three has a yearly salary before clinical costs of $38,000 and has made yearly installments for qualified clinical costs of $600, the family’s yearly balanced pay of $37,400 would not qualify the youngster for the CMS Program. †¢If a group of three has a yearly salary before clinical costs of $47,000, the kid would not meet all requirements for the CMS Program paying little heed to the measure of yearly installments for qualified clinical costs. (Maryland State Health Department) They should not fit the bill for some other wellspring of health care coverage, or must have medical coverage that doesn't meet the entirety of the child’s unique clinical needs. CMS covers an expansive exhibit of clinical administrations to incorporate Laboratory Services, Radiology, Allergy/Immunology, Cardiology, and Oncology. Different administrations require unique conditions. For instance, Dental Services are possibly given if the youngster has a particular condition identified with dental consideration. Additionally, Neurobehavioral treatment is constrained on to the clinical diagnosing of a turmoil. An or more that is additionally included is Plastic Surgery for kids who experience the ill effects of a congenital fissure or sense of taste. Other than the couple of clinical administrations that are restricted, CMS gives routine medicinal services to those kids whose families need the help. In view of residency, age and money related circumstance, CMS acknowledges numerous kids under the care of its. References: TRICARE Prime. Recovered on July 18, 2010 at http://www. tricare. mil/mybenefit/home/Medical/Costs? plan http://www. tricare. mil/mybenefit/Download/Forms/Prime_HB_09_L. pdf

ADHD Adderall Drug Holidays for Children

ADHD Adderall Drug Holidays for Children You actually wouldnt want Adderall or any stimulant medication in your system 24/7 or you would have a very hard time sleeping. So it is good if they are out of your system after 10 to 12 hours. While that does make early mornings and late evenings difficult for many children with ADHD, there is no way around it right now, short of trying a non-stimulant medication like Strattera. Pros and Cons of ADHD Drug Holidays Since Adderall doesnt have to build up in your system from day to day, it is possible to give it on an as-needed basis. And some parents do choose to skip giving ADHD stimulant medications on weekends, holidays, summers, or other breaks from school. The main problem with this strategy is that their childs ADHD symptoms wont be under control during those times. While that may not be a big problem if your child simply has some attentional problems that interfere with his schoolwork, if they are also very impulsive and hyperactive, not taking their medicine may be a big problem. ADHD symptoms can interfere with your childs behavior, relationships with family members, and how they do socially. That makes drug holidays less popular than they used to be. Just as you likely did when you  first started them on Adderall, when thinking about a drug holiday, make sure that the benefits outweigh the risk. Remember that ADHD isnt usually just a school problem. If your child really functions better with medication, then it is probably a good idea to take it every day and not skip doses on weekends or other school holidays. Side Effects of ADHD Medications Appetite problems and poor weight gain can be big problems for some children taking stimulants. If their medication is working very well for them otherwise, not taking it on weekends can be a good idea so that they do eat better at those times. On the other hand, some children do have more side effects on Mondays after being off their stimulant for the weekend, as they get used to it again, so be on the watch for that. If you really think that they would benefit from taking their medicine on the weekend, but ?side effects are making that impractical, then you might talk to your pediatrician about adjusting their dose or trying something else. A different stimulant, like Concerta or Focalin XR, or a non-stimulant medication, like Strattera, might be better alternatives. Although ADHD drug holidays were once popular, there are now so many different medications and dosages of each medication, that it is much easier to fine-tune a childs dose and avoid side effects than it used to be. That makes it easier to avoid ADHD drug holidays and allow your child to take their medication every day. Discuss any concerns with your childs pediatrician and find the best medicine for your child. Skipping a Dose of an ADHD Medication In most cases, if you simply forget to give your child a dose of their ADHD stimulant one day, then you can usually just restart it the next day. You do want to be careful that you dont give an extended-release stimulant, like Adderall XR, Concerta, or Focalin XR, etc., too late in the morning or afternoon, or your child will likely have a lot of trouble going to sleep that night. You also dont want to give an extra dose without talking to your pediatrician.

Dr. Martin Luther Kings Best Piece Of Literature - Free Essay Example

Dr. Martin Luther King once said on a speech, I refuse to accept the view that mankind is so tragically bound to the starless midnight of racism and war that the bright daybreak of peace and brotherhood can never become a realityI believe that unarmed truth and unconditional love will have the final word. Love can solve everything has always been Dr. Martin Luther Kings belief. He believed that everyone is equal. He wanted to take a stand against the racial injustice that was happening in Birmingham and everywhere else in the nation. He would not stop fighting no matter what happened, even if he had to retaliate blows from the police. His way of protesting for justice was respectful but yet motivating, he also managed to make a huge impact in the way the Americans think of colored people without any violence. He was then criticized for his actions by the Clergymen, he then wrote the Letter from Birmingham Jail in response of their remarks. Throughout his article, Dr. Martin Luther King attempts to persuade his audience via biblical illusions, rhetorical questions and pathos; however, Kingrs sarcastic tone, yet respectful, make his credibility convincing to his audience because he wrote such an inspirational piece of literature. Biblical illusion is a huge part of his letter, it showed his audience that Dr. King is an intellectual person and he knows how to prove his point with biblical facts to make sure that the clergymen and the public understand the purpose of his movement. Throughout the letter, King admits that he felt his goal in life was to carry the gospel of freedom beyond his hometown. In his letter Dr. Martin Luther King quoted, Just as the prophets of the eighth century B.C. left their villages and?carried their thus saith the Lord far beyond the boundaries of their home towns, and just?as the Apostle Paul left his village of Tarsus and carried the gospel of Jesus Christ to the far?corners of the Greco Roman world, so I am compelled to carry the gospel of freedom?beyond my own home town( King n. Pag.).Dr. King explains to his audience that he felt he was brought to this Earth to carry the gospel of freedom and free his brothers and sisters from racism. He strongly believed that one day in the future, everyone would get along with each other peacefully. Dr. King also used rhetorical questions throughout his letter to make the reader stop and think about the racism crisis. Most importantly he starts questioning his audience about the different laws that exist. Dr. King states that he agrees with St. Augustine that an unjust law is no law at all. He then starts asking the public how can we differentiate between an unjust law and a just law. In Letter from Birmingham Dr. King asks his audience, Now what is the difference between the two? How does one determine whether a law is just and unjust law?(King n.pag.). After his rhetorical questions he goes more into detail explaining the difference between the two laws. His main point was that a just law is a moral law given by God and an unjust law is a law that is out of harmony with the moral law. Throughout the passage, King uses pathos to make an emotional appeal to his audience. Kings arguments play further into the conscious of his audience to make his point. One powerful example of Kings pull on his audience consciousness is when he has to explain his children about racism: when you suddenly find your tongue twisted and your speech stammering as you seek to explain to your six year old daughter why she cant go to the public amusement park that has just advertised on television, and see tears welling up in her eyes when she is told that Funtown is closed to colored children, and see ominous clouds of inferiority beginning to form in her bitterness toward white people; when you have to concoct an answer for five year old son who is asking: Daddy, why do white people treat colored people so mean? He was demonstrating his audience how hard it would be explaining the meaning of racism to children. Especially explaining them that they would always be treated differently because of the color of their skin. In Conclusion Dr. Martin Luther King persuades his letter through biblical illusions, rhetorical questions and pathos to make his letter more persuasive. All throughout his letter he establishes himself a legitimate authority to his audience. He also gives great examples to justify his actions in the civil rights movement. He answers all the criticism he was getting from the clergymen and from the public in the Letter from Birmingham. He effectively demonstrates the injustice that was occurring in our country. Dr. Martin Luther King indeed made the best piece of literature in our entire history.

Grace Abbott The Mother of Americas Forty-Three Million...

From the humble beginning of Social Work there have been many people who have tirelessly worked, fought, and dedicated their life advocating for the people in our world who are disadvantaged. Furthermore, many of these people have been women who not only were strong enough to fight for the rights of others, but also had to fight the forces whom thought that women where in some way second hand citizens themselves. These women were brave and determined enough to break out of the box that society placed them in, and stand up for the social injustices that they seen taking place, and try to make a difference. Of the many women from the early days of Social Work none fought harder for social reform than Grace Abbott. Grace Abbott spent her life†¦show more content†¦Grace graduated college in 1898 from Grand Island College, and then worked as a High School teacher in her hometown. In 1902 Grace began her graduate studies at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Grace eventually obta ined her PhD in political science from the University of Chicago in 1909. Grace grew up in an era when women were fighting for their own rights through the women’s suffrage movement. Grace had already realized she wanted to do more than teach on the prairies of the Midwest. She would be exposed to even more injustices when she chose to leave the prairies of Nebraska and travel to Chicago with her sister Edith. In 1908 Grace moved in to Jane Adam’s Hull House which served as a settlement house for the poor, furthermore, Hull house was a place where dedicated and active women worked toward social reform, including the areas of the early feminist movement. This is when Grace began becoming interested in Social Work, which would eventually become her life’s work. Grace spent much of her life in the poorest and depressed area of Chicago’s urban city. Grace was faced with many challenges through her life which included trying to change society’s percepti on of child labor, maternity law, immigrants’ protection, state’s responsibilities to their people, and expanding women’s role in our government. By the time Grace would finish her challenging work she was held in high esteem. Franklin Delano Roosevelt recounted her career asShow MoreRelatedFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesSenior Production Editor. Others deserving special mention for their contributions are Brenda Moorehead and RaeAnn Guns. Last, we want to acknowledge a few people individually. From Dave: To my wife, Terri, for all her support and love. And to my children— Mark, Meredith, Gabriella, and Natalie—thank you for all you do. You continue to be the â€Å"light of my life.† From Steve: To Laura for all that she brings to my life. From Susan: To my husband John, my daughter Katie, and my Mom. Thanks for yourRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesnew initiatives and new management reverse a decline? KPMG (A) – managing change in professional services. Xerox – difficulties with leadership at the global giant. UNHCR – managing change in a global not-for-profit organisation. Burtons (A,B,C) – three stages of a retailer’s development under different leaders. Key: ââ€" Ã¢â€"  = major focus ââ€"  = important subsidiary focus Introduction to strategy Business environment: general Five forces analysis Capability analysis Corporate governance Stakeholder expectationsRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesof Power 283 Abuse of Power 285 Strategies for Gaining Organizational Power 286 The Necessity of Power and Empowerment 286 Sources of Personal Power 288 Sources of Positional Power 293 Transforming Power into Influence 298 Influence Strategies: The Three Rs 298 The Pros and Cons of Each Strategy 300 Acting Assertively: Neutralizing Influence Attempts 304 SKILL ANALYSIS 310 Case Involving Power and Influence 310 River Woods Plant Manager 310 SKILL PRACTICE 311 Exercise for Gaining Power 311 Repairing

The Crusades Paper - 3827 Words

The Crusades were expeditions that originated in completion of a solemn vow in order to deliver the Holy areas from Mohammedan domination. The origin of the word can be traced to the cross. This meaningful cross was worn as a badge on the outer garment of those who took part in these enterprises and also made out of cloth. Since the Middle Ages, the meaning of the word crusade has been comprehended to contain all wars undertaken in the act or practice of pursuing a vow. It was also directed against infidels who were the Mohammedans, Pagans, Heretics, or those under the bar of excommunication. Modern literature has abused the word crusade by applying it to all wars having anything to do with religion. An example would be the voyage of†¦show more content†¦- and into your hands. And because you have fared forth for God, and for right, and for justice, therefore you are bound, in so far as you are able, to restore to their own inheritance those who have been unrighteous des poiled. And my wifes brother will make with you the best terms ever offered to any people, and give you the most puissant help for the recovery of the land overseas. In Asia Minor, they turned to spoils and were nearly all slaughtered by the Turks. Meanwhile, according to the well thought out plan, the four principal armies were to meet at Constantinople and the regular crusade was being organized in the West. The Germans, the French from the north, Godfrey of Bouillon, and the Duke of Lower Lorraine followed the valley the Danube, crossed into Hungary and arrived at Constantinople on December 23rd,1096. Several different groups of Christian leaders would proceed in all directions for the conquest and fight for Christianity in the East. Hugh of Vermandois, brother of King Philip I of France, Count Stephen of Blois, and Robert Courte-Heuse, Duke of Normandy would lead groups of French and Normans across the Alps and were heading towards Apulia where they took the Via Eqnatia to Constantinople and set up troop in May of 1097. The French from the south were lead by Raymond of Saint-Gilles, Bishop of Puy, Count of Toulouse, and Papal legislation. Show MoreRelated The First Crusade Essay1506 Words   |  7 PagesThe First Crusade In The middle of the Eleventh Century The tranquillity of the eastern Mediterranean seemed assured for many years to come, but little did the people know what was ahead . This, thus embark us on a journey back into the First Crusade. In this paper I will be discussing the events that lead up to the first in a long line of crusades. I will also be mentioning the lives of some of the crusaders through letters that they wrote. The crusades were a time of confusion for most peopleRead MoreTechnology and The Crusades1361 Words   |  6 Pagesand The Crusades Many people consider the Crusades as wars of bloodlust, greed, and power. War can be described as an escalated conflict, most commonly over money or other resources. The outcome of war is usually the advancement of one society due to its newly acquired resources or knowledge. If one were to look at the Crusades, and their original purpose, which was to assist Constantinople and free the Holy Land from Muslim control, then one may make the conclusion that the Crusades failed.Read MoreThe First Four Crusades : Effects, Motivations, Contributing Factors Essay1033 Words   |  5 PagesSean McFadden Hist 362z The First Four Crusades: Effects, Motivations, Contributing Factors On honor, the words and thoughts of this paper are my own. I have received no unauthorized help in writing this paper: Sean McFadden In recent decades the First four Crusades have become a major era of historical interest, which has led historians to try and explain these dynamic events. While much of this era has remained a mystery, recent years have allowed historians to learn more and answer some of theRead MoreThe Crusades: Europes Greatest Triumph Essay1082 Words   |  5 PagesWere the crusades worthwhile? The crusades were a number of military campaigns fought from 1095 to 1291, there were nine crusades in total. These battles were fought between the people of the Christian and the Muslim religions. The total purpose of the crusades was to gain control and power of Jerusalem; the Holy Land. The crusades (the Holy wars) were indirectly one of the most important factors in the history of the modernisation of European civilisation . The crusades had a lasting effect onRead MoreEffects Of The Crusades On Western Civilizations915 Words   |  4 PagesConsequences of the Crusades The crusades were a series of religious wars that though they took place centuries ago, they are still often discussed today. The crusades were a religious war between the Christian and Muslim states that lasted years. â€Å"The Byzantine Empire, which had thrived spread over the coastal areas of the Mediterranean†¦now found itself increasingly challenged by the navies and pirates of Isla. The contest between these two sides were to generate seeds of the first Crusade† (Paine 8-9)Read MoreEssay on The Crusades: a Short History by Johnathan Riley-Smith1310 Words   |  6 PagesThe Crusades: A Short History by Johnathan Riley-Smith The Crusades: A Short History, written by British Historian Jonathan Riley-Smith, offers a broad overview of this part of the medieval era, but he also explores how historians have attempted to explain these events in modern terms. Riley-Smith also makes sure to note all major contributors to the Crusade movement and their personalities. Numerous scholars have wondered whether this was a political or religious mission. This helps to sparkRead MoreWhy Were The Crusades?1389 Words   |  6 Pages WHY WERE THE CRUSADES STARTED SUBMITTED TO PROFESSOR C. PAUL KING CHHI-301-B06 LUO BY KEVIN SCOTT WILLIAMS JUNE 29, 2015 â€Æ' Why Were the Crusades Started Most have heard of the crusades of the middle-ages or at least heard of some famous people such as Pope Urban II, Richard the Lionheart or others. Whether you see the crusades as events that tried to promote Christian values in a pagan territory or of you see the crusades as chivalrous knights fight for a valiant cause one will stillRead MoreSuccesses Of The Third Crusade1339 Words   |  6 Pages Successes of the Third Crusade Bryce Murzyn Mrs. Carrol MYP World History Period 1 4/23/17 Word Count: 1108 Table of contents Page Identification and Evaluation of Sources . . . . . . . . 1 Investigation . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . 3 End Notes . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Identification and Evaluation of Sources This investigation attempts to answerRead More The Crusades Essay1479 Words   |  6 PagesThe Crusades The Crusades were Christian military expeditions undertaken between the 11th and the 14th century to recapture the Holy Land from the Muslims. â€Å"The word crusade, which is derived from the Latin crux (cross), is a reference to the biblical restriction that Christians carry their cross.†1 Crusaders wore a red cloth, cross sewn on their tunics to indicate that they had assumed the cross and were soldiers of Christ. What were the real causes of the crusades and how did all of it finallyRead MoreThe Crusades and Their Failure to Spread the Message of the Church and Chritianity 1011 Words   |  5 PagesThe Crusades, starting in the eleventh century, were attempts by the Western Church to rid Europe of the new formulated and invading Muslims. Many Crusades had transpired over the centuries, including both a children’s and peasant’s crusade, in attempt to keep the new religious threat at bay. Many popes, kings, and rulers spent a great deal of money, time, and eff ort into these wars, but many ended up failing in their original purposes. However, much can be said about the success of these crusades

Obesity as a Social and Medical Problem Essay - 1316 Words

Obesity has become an epidemic in our over indulgent North American society. In addition to body image issues, obesity causes significant health issues. Society often views obesity to be a disease when it is actually a sign of a disorder, genetic or environmental. The percentage of our population that is growing overweight is increasing every year, and can become a very serious issue if it is not dealt with urgently. Problems relating to self-confidence, self-consciousness, and isolation can occur as a result. An enduring problem in today’s society, especially with children, has to deal with sociality. Public appearance is very important to us and when we don’t look good, or have a low self-esteem, it can lead to further issues,†¦show more content†¦Many children and youth have fewer opportunities to be physically active at school as physical education classes and time spent being physically active at school have been reduced. Being overweight or obese has many risks involved. Serious conditions such as a stroke, high blood pressure, and Type 2 diabetes, can occur as a result, just to name a few. Linked with health problems is a poor diet. Variations in our food environment have made it challenging to maintain a healthy weight. Society tends to want to eat more fast-food rather than cooking at home because it is cheaper and less time-consuming. We have become lazy when it comes to our diets. We don’t take into consideration the Food Guide and basically eat what we want, when we want. Obesity is also a major drain on the economy. The amount of money being spent on health care because of obesity-related diseases is astronomical. The Globe and Mail had an article headlined, â€Å"Obesity costs economy up to $7-billion a year† (Picard). By eating right and maintaining a healthy lifestyle, our society can cut down economic costs drastically. All we need to have is some discipline, the proper diet, and exercise. Numerous children today are spending less time exercising and more time in front of the TV, computer, or video-game console. Even worse, some schools have banned the use of balls used at recess. An article in the TorontoShow MoreRelatedEssay about Childhood Obesity1310 Words   |  6 Pages If it being looked deeper with or without we realizing, obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally, and all this evidence suggests that the situation is likely to get worse. In developed regions such as Europe, the United States of America, and in Australasia, the prevalence is high and increasing but in some developing countries even more extreme situations exist. For example, using World Health Organization standards for obesity, more than 70% of the adult Polynesian population in SamoaRead MoreThe Obesity Epidemic Is Disturbing The Financial And Social Stability Of The United States1481 Words   |  6 PagesAn Obesity epidemic is disturbing the financial and social stability of the Uni ted States. As stated by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services â€Å"our modern environment has allowed these conditions to increase at alarming rates and become highly pressing health problems for our nationâ€Å"(U.S. Department of Health and Human Services). Efforts made by authority figures have been enforced to solve this severe crisis. Obesity has become a concerning problem in the United States. This epidemic isRead MoreMedication Can Help Reduce Childhood Obesity Essay841 Words   |  4 Pagesthat childhood obesity can be very harmful for our nations children. Not only can obesity cause health problems but also psychological problems. In recent years, policymakers and medical experts have expressed alarm about the growing problem of childhood obesity in the United States. While most agree that the issue deserves attention, consensus dissolves around how to respond to the problem. One literature review examines one approach to treating childhood obesity: medication canRead MoreEffects Of Obesity On Children Health1139 Words   |  5 PagesEffects of Obesity on Children Health Obesity is a serious medical and psychological condition that affects children, adult, and elderly people. According to WHO, People who are above the normal weight for their age and height are called obese. Childhood obesity has been problem in developed as well as in developing countries. As Cause, it is accepted that increase in obesity results from an imbalance between abnormal intake of unhealthy food and drink and also unable to burn calorie. There is increasingRead MoreThe Economics Of Obesity And Obesity1180 Words   |  5 PagesEconomics of Obesity Obesity’s presence has reached much larger magnitudes than ever before in human history. 33% of adults and above 20% of children in the U.S. are classified as obese as concluded by Duke University (â€Å"Over a Lifetime†). Although obesity appears to be strictly a medical problem, many new studies are showing that obesity is linked to numerous factors such as society, technology, politics, and economics. As a result of multifarious fields, reducing childhood obesity in the U.S. isRead MoreChildhood Obesity : Argentina, Argentina1586 Words   |  7 Pages Childhood Obesity in Buenos Aires, Argentina Malaijah D. Thompson University of California, Los Angeles Childhood Obesity in Buenos Aires, Argentina There are many indicators of poverty. One indicator of poverty is obesity; it mostly affects families in low socioeconomic levels. Obesity has become an epidemic rising across the globe. Recently, childhood obesity is becoming a prevailing problem in the urban areas in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Argentina’s rates are rising at a levelRead MoreDisease Trends and the Delivery of Health Care Services Essay1457 Words   |  6 PagesServices Final Project Axia college 1/15/2012 Many health care professional have great concerns about the growth of the aging population, chronic disease and the epidemic of obesity, and how will the United States healthcare system prepared for this continuing epidemic. The fact that the aging population along with obesity epidemic is a global healthcare concern, many health cares’ professional is baffled about how to address the growing epidemic that many American’s will face. . According toRead MoreThe Problem of Obesity in Chicago743 Words   |  3 PagesInsurance Reviews two to three news articles Determines a local community health care issue Paper answers following questions: o How long has it been a problem? o How has it affected the community? o How has the community responded? Pediatric obesity seems to be one of the key problems found in communities in Chicago according to a Mount Sinai Hospital Medical Center of Chicago study that sampled six communities in Chicago over the space of more than two years (January 2002 through May 2004). ResearchersRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Obesity Essay1598 Words   |  7 PagesObesity is a prevalent condition in America that undeniably leads to a plethora of health complications, including heart disease, diabetes, and depression. However, while medical interventions can be useful for addressing obesity, treating it as a purely medical condition can decontextualize this growing issue. Additionally, it can support the use of ineffective but potentially harmful treatments by a group of disproportionately empowered medical professionals and industries, that are incentivizedRead MoreObesity The Problem Of Children!. Are You Aware Of1662 Words   |  7 Pages Obesity the problem of children! Are you aware of that over million American children are struggling with obesity? Obesity is a serious medical and psychological condition that affects children, adult, and elderly people. According to WHO, People who are above the normal weight for their age and height are called obese. Being overweight an early age has been global problematic. As Cause, high number of obesity results from an abnormal intake of unhealthy food and drink and also unable to

Oedipus Paper - 857 Words

In terms of the human experience, Plato’s Allegory of the Cave reveals that most humans would rather know the truth and suffer rather than be fed a lie for their entire lives. This idea is reflected in Sophocles’’ Oedipus the King because Oedipus seeks the truth and suffers greatly when it is found. Plato’s four stages of awareness are necessary for the final form of the good, which is the truth, to be found. In both the Allegory of the Cave and Oedipus the King, these four stages of awareness; Imagination, Belief, Reason, and Understanding, take a vital role in explaining Oedipus’ suffering. To begin with, Plato would argue that Oedipus’ imagination shadows him from the real truth. Oedipus has not been king for very long and has so much†¦show more content†¦He is almost blinded by this contradiction. This holds true when Oedipus says ,†I did not grasp it fully. Repeat your statement.† (22) Oedipus does not grasp what Tiresias says because he is not used to having people disagree or contradict what he thinks and says. Oedipus is completely blinded by Tiresias’ contradiction to his reality. Plato’s third stage of awareness, Reason, is also reflected with Oedipus. Plato states that if one is within the third stage of awareness, that â€Å"he will see him in his own proper place, not in another.† (Plato 4) This idea says that if one enters the third stage of awareness, he understands who he is by new hypotheses. This applies to Oedipus when he says, â€Å"O God! I think I have just called down on myself a dreadful curse. . . not knowing what I did.† (Oedipus 43) Oedipus thinks about the new hypothesis that he made and it now feels more like reality. This is also revealing when he says, â€Å"I am dreadfully afraid the blind prophet can see. But tell me one more thing that will throw light on this. Was Laius poorly attended, or did he have a big bodyguard, like a king?† (44) Oedipus asks many new questions regarding his life with this situation, not knowing that his fate is already sealed. Lastly, Plato would argue that the last stage of awareness, Understanding, is clearly displayed at the end of Oedipus’ reign. As Oedipus realizes what he has done, he cannot live with himself. OedipusShow MoreRelatedOedipus Reaction Paper639 Words   |  3 PagesReaction Paper on Oedipus The King World Literature Oedipus the King, also known by the  as Oedipus Rex, is an   tragedy  written by  Sophocles.  It was the second of Sophocles s  three Theban plays  to be produced, together with Oedipus at Colonus  and then  Antigone.  Oedipus Rex  chronicles the story of  Oedipus, a man who becomes the king of Thebes who was destined from birth to murder his father  Laius  and marry his mother  Jocasta. The play is an example of a classic tragedy, noticeably containing anRead MoreOedipus Rex Research Paper2420 Words   |  10 PagesDramatic Research Paper (Grade 92) â€Å"Oedipus Rex† by Sophocles Introduction/Thesis â€Å"Oedipus Rex† was a Greek Tragedy written by Sophocles in the fifth century BC. It was the first of a trilogy of plays surrounding the life of Oedipus. Sophocles wrote over 120 plays approximately 100 years before Aristotle even defined a tragedy and the tragic hero. Aristotle’s definition of a tragedy is â€Å"†¦ an imitation of an action of high importance, complete and of some amplitude; in language enhancedRead MoreA POSITION PAPER ON SOPHOCLES’ OEDIPUS REX2713 Words   |  11 PagesTHE KING WEARS A SHADES AS THE SUN SHINES BRIGHT WHICH MAKES HIS DAYS DARKER AND DARKER EVERY SINGLE DAY (with some relations to the Philippine Government and setting as a whole) A POSITION PAPER ON SOPHOCLES’ OEDIPUS REX REGULANO, Jean Paula Bermudez 2011-05787 HUM 1 X Oedipus Rex’ knowledge, which served as his gut against the others to be the King of Thebes, is only limited to the information on his people and his environment, excluding the information about himself due to his blindness andRead MoreOedipus Rex Research Paper1035 Words   |  5 PagesOedipus Rex Oedipus Rex is one of the most well written plays. Oedipus Rex has a tragic flaw which leads to his destruction. Oedipus’ flaw leads him to suffer and arouses Pity and Fear from the crowd; Scared that it could happen to them. The Unity of Plot has a beginning, middle and end, along with that Oedipus grows in knowledge about his birthing, but is ignorant for not realizing he brought the problems on Thebes. Oedipus is a confident, wise and strong-willed character, but these characteristicsRead MoreWriting Is Good - Writing1761 Words   |  8 Pagesspaceship by wood. It would be red, white, and blue,† I wrote. I took my page to Ms. Gibbs to get approval and to make sure there were no errors in spelling and grammar. She approved my work and handed me the â€Å"official paper† for the book. I had to make sure to write extremely neat so the paper would not get messed up. About a month later, she told the class that our book had been entered into a contest with the rest of the second grade and we won. My excitement was comparable to the excitement of MalcolmRead MoreWas Oedipus Responsible For His Own Fate?1384 Words   |  6 Pages Was Oedipus responsible for his own fate? Oedipus, the King Harmanjot Singh Parmar, 578087686 Vancouver Island University Author note This paper was prepared for Liberal studies, Section 250, taught by Mark Blackell Oedipus-the king is a true Greek novel in all sense. It is a tragedy at heart and explores variousRead MoreGreek Tragedy Written By Euripides And Sophocles1150 Words   |  5 PagesSean Lucander World Drama English 3000 Dr. Martyniuk Paper #1 Greek theater production dates back as early as the sixth and fifth century BCE (Gainor, Garner, and Puchner 4). Greek tragedies written by Euripides and Sophocles are some of the most famous (Gainor, Garner, and Puchner 4). The tragedies written by these playwrights are well known and the audiences are able to enjoy the story and message portrayed by the actors and chorus. Greek theater designates tragedy as the result of: the demiseRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Shakespeare s Hamlet 1599 Words   |  7 PagesRachel Conley Mr. David Rasnake English 1020 November 10, 2015 Paper 3~ Tragic Hero What is tragedy? What makes someone or something a tragic hero? A tragedy is â€Å"A serious drama typically describing a conflict between the protagonist and a superior face and having a sorrowful or disastrous conclusion elicits the pity or terror† (Merriam-Webster). Tragedy can be a good or a bad thing in life. Also, depending on what the tragedy is, it should have a powerful impact on our lives. A tragedy can changeRead More The Genius by Frank O’Connor Essay1666 Words   |  7 Pagespresenting the relationships that exist between the boy and both his mother and his father. The Greek word ‘Oedipus’ means ‘swollen foot’ and, in Greek mythology, Oedipus was a Greek prince who married his mother and murdered his father. The strong attachment of a son to his mother combined with unconscious feelings of rivalry and hostility towards his mother was called the ‘Oedipus complex’ by Freud who was a famous psychologist. In the story, however, although the boy clearly prefers hisRead MoreThe Truth Of Courage : Socrates, Oedipus, And Antigone2414 Words   |  10 PagesLiterature Final Paper David Bollert December 1st, 2014 The Truth of Courage Courage is often a measure of our self-esteem and will, seen as a great subject for ancient Greeks. It is what makes us individuals different from others, showing what we believe and the power of belief over our will. In Greek literature it can often be seen as the difficult path—an unconscious act of boldness, but before all it is the conscious decision of a person to act despite the danger. Socrates, Oedipus, and Antigone

The Never Before Told Story on Statement of Purpose Graduate School Sample Essays That You Must Read

The Never Before Told Story on Statement of Purpose Graduate School Sample Essays That You Must Read There are many jobs available abroad. You might have to teach undergraduate classes inside your field and conceivably even design a training course. Teachers like you stumble in all shapes and sized, needless to say. It's great for teachers, counsellors and leaders who are employed in a multicultural atmosphere. Career Center counselors are readily available to. A Grad admissions essay is a significant portion of the Grad School admissions process. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about an approaching deadline. Experience for a Student 1. So How About Statement of Purpose Graduate School Sample Essays? Paragraph 4 would be made better by details about just what the practice included. Keep in mind, the idea you decide to speak about can tell an admissions committee a whole lot about you. Be specific in regards to subject matter and preferred forms. When it's possible, use actual examples to highlight your finest qualities. Lies You've Been Told About Statement of Purpose Graduate School Sample Essays Financial analysis is essential to comprehend, project company. Provided that the right questions are asked by you, you're likely to get the info that is quite acceptable to choose on a building that comes with a policy that fulfills your approval. You will soon locate the official data about us. You may recycle the very same information, but be certain you change the presentation to fit each individual program. If you can't be strong for your customers, then you are not likely to be in a position to give them with the support they require. It is possible to also get several discounts on our site which will help you to save some more money for future orders or anything you want to spend them on. Our customer support will gladly tell you whether there are any special offers at the present time, along with make sure you are getting the very best service our business can deliver. There are a number of reasons why you need to prefer our services. The Secret to Statement of Purpose Graduate School Sample Essays For some individuals, however, it might not be advisable. Going to graduate school gives an edge on someone with regard to adding skills and knowledge that are vital in the modern job marketplace. It's important to recognize certain things about the program that interest you, and the way you're make the most of those opportunities. Having to settle on a university that is appropriat e to my ambition is an important choice, one which can't be taken in haste. EssayEdge is the major application essay editing service on earth. Don't be concerned if the writing feels raw as you're working out what you would like to say. Our website is just one of the most appropriate for essay help. You can rely on the very best essay help online. The very best writing emerges through a process of reflection, but nonetheless, it also requires craft and attention. Read these to get a notion of what things to expect when writing yours. Talk about what a wonderful scholar you're. The actual folks highly praise our essay help site. What is Truly Going on with Statement of Purpose Graduate School Sample Essays Another benefit of our website is the quickness. If you have kids, they will need to make adjustments too. Aside from saving time as you're able to reuse the templates each time necessary, you likewise don't need to pay high fees whenever you should make financial statements. Templates might also be helpful when you're trying to lose or maintain your present weight. Statement of Purpose Graduate School Sample Essays - Dead or Alive? Last, you ask yourself within this paragraph why you made a decision to select the job, but you needn't provided an answer. Attempting to be funny and witty isn't a prudent idea in such a significant paper for a statement of purpose. When there's one last bit of advice I want to provide you, it's not to use any portion of your statement for a place to earn excuses. In Paragraph 5, you use the word you (But if you wish to attain something) when you're attempting to make an overall statement and aren't actually attempting to tell the reader what things to do. A statement of purpose isn't where to display your academic writing chops. The personal statement isn't a confessional booth. When you feel as though you've written the ideal statement of purpose you can, it's time to receive another opinion. Be certain to continue to write and revise until you're positive your statement is the best it is possible to produce. That means you must make sure that your statement differs. That means you must be sure your statement differs. So you've got to make sure that your statement disagrees.

Effect of Contemporary Music on People free essay sample

The contemporary music such as rap and hip hop have become one of the big entertainment methods to approach people. HIP Hop is a musical art form, Introduced by African-Americans In the rand seventies. It Is an art that rapidly growing in various cultures. Today, the contemporary music such as rap and hip hop is an art form that tells the social message to the community in a vulgar language. The rap and hip hop artists communicates with the society by applying various nouns such as misogyny, violence, and sex abuse. Mary Breasted is a steeling author and a research fellow at Stanford Universitys Hoover Institution. She thinks that rap and hip hop music focuses on the social damages wrought by broken homes, family dysfunctions, and absent parents. She says that the contemporary musicians songs reflect the musicians past lifestyle. Breasted;s opinion in regards to rap and hip hop music persuades that it has grown in the influence of deplored themes such as suicide, misogyny, and drug abuses. We will write a custom essay sample on Effect of Contemporary Music on People or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, Shelby Steele from The Wall Street Journal says that the motive behind the influence f rap and hip hop culture in youth is the hatred to feelings.He thinks that the rappers behavior is likely to the slaves, who do not desire to feel the loves and fears that bound them to others. He persuades that the contemporary music promotes Bad Naggers thesis to the modern youth as an ideal form of juvenile rebellion. While, Steele does make a reasonable point, but Breasted is more persuasive in regards to contemporary music such as rap and hip hop because of understandable contents, more examples with explanation of rappers songs, and rappers history in regards to their songs. Breasted explains her arguments by showing various examples of artists lyrics to Induce that the rappers and hip hop artists give a fairly accurate message as a part of society. She says that To begin with music particularly popular among white teenage boys, one best selling example of broken home angst is that of the nu metal band know as Papa Roach and led by singer/songwriter Copy Dick Shadows (dubbed by one reviewer the prince of dysfunction).Three members of that group, Copy Dick Included, are self Identified children of divorce. In 2000, as critics noted t the time, their album Infest explored the theme of broken homes and child and teenage rage. (Breasted 2) Breasted gives an example of Papa Roach band who created a song in regards to broken families and teenagers anger toward their parents. Through Breasted paper, she points out that most of the rap and hip hop artists propose a message to the society about the broken families and the impact on childrens life from it.O n the other hand, Shelby does mention that recent contemporary music are Inspired from the Issue of broken homes, but he never mentions the artists songs, In which the subject has been pointed out. He says that, Too many of todays youth experienced a faithlessness and tenuous news even in that all-important relationship with their parents. (Shelby 2) Shelby said that children are observing the failure of active relationships with their parents. However, Shelby never points out that the rap and hip hop artists mentions the lack of nurture through their specific songs. He simple content to view her arguments. Breasted applies the straightforward engage to execute her ideas with a bit of support of statistics. She says that, You look at statistics that 50 percent of parents get divorced, and youre going to get a pretty large group of kids who are poised off and who dont agree with their parents have done. (Breasted 3) Vertebrates arguments are straightforward about the cause of kids choices to rap and hip hop songs, and they do support her stand by showing the statistics. She thinks that the reason behind the rappers songs are merely focusing on the subjects of misogyny, violence, and sex abuse is because of arenas lack of caring to their children. Conversely, Shelby arguments on contemporary music such as rap and hip hop are excessively abstract, and hard to understand his position. He says, But for the most part, the BAN is the imaginations compensation for the all-too-real impotence and confinement that slaves and segregated blacks actually endured.He lives out a compensatory grandiosity a self preening superiority combined with a tricksters cunning and a hyperbolic masculinity in which sexual potency is a vengeful and revolutionary force. (Shelby 1) Shelby is confusing the audience on what his arguments are mainly spotlighting on. Shelby supporting details do not connect to his arguments; while, Breasted directly appoints the arguments about the growing contemporary music in the youth generation.Shelby compares the youth generation with the id eology of slavery. He says that, l think the appeal of the BAN, on the deepest level, was his existential indifference to feelingwhat might be called his immunity to feeling. The slave wanted not to feel the loves and fears that bound him to other people and thus awakened him into an accommodation with slavery. Better not to love at all if it meant such an accommodation. So the BAN felt nothing for anyone and had no fear even of death. (Shelby 2) Shelby expresses that the young generation is following rap and hip hop culture because of slavery, which does not make any sense towards the subject of the article. He says that rappers and hip hop artists create such kind of music because there were inspired from the slave, who were against the feeling of love and fear. On the other hand, Breasted believes that the rappers create vulgar engage music because of their past sorrow life. The hip hop artists childhood was suffered through the lack of parental cultivation, which does connect to the arguments that she mentioned.She utters that, Perhaps even more important, Mine is one of the largest commercially visible targets for parental wrath. Wildly popular among teenagers these last several years, he is also enormously successful in commercial terms. (Breasted 7) Vertebrates arguments in regards to why the rapper artists would follow the genre of vulgarism are straightforward. She has expansible supported her thoughts, but Shells could not connect the ideology between the subject of slavery and the contemporary music.Last but not least, Shells thinks that the modern culture is blamed for the creation of the rap and hip hop artists music on sex abuse, violation, and misogyny. He thinks that the society is responsible to support such kind of talent. Shelves opinion on the creation of the rap and hip -hop is very Judgmental. He thinks that one can infect the culture into the vulgarism. On the other hand, Breasted believe that the increase of sex abuse, location, and misogyny is caused by the careless attitude toward their children.She that most separates it from what has gone before is its compulsive insistence on the damage wrought by broken homes, family dysfunction, checked out parents, and (especially) absent fathers. (Breasted 1) Vertebrates opinion on the cause of growing hip hop culture is persuasive, and it does connect with the subject. Her view on todays hip hop culture growth is more effective than Shelves point of view towards the cause of growing contemporary music.

Reflective free essay sample

Reflective essay writing, as its name suggests, entails focusing on reflection, consideration, etc. This is a form of essay writing in which you put down your thoughts. It is quite a flexible form of writing, but there are some general rules that you should stick to. You will have a general layout for your essay, which includes an introduction, a main body and a conclusion. An interesting aspect of reflective essay writing is that you and your reader may benefit by what you reflect on. Your Reflective essay may discuss a course taught at college. Your teacher will read whatever you put down.This can be advantageous to you as well as your teacher because you can express your positive and negative thoughts about what you have learned and the manner in which it was taught. In your Reflective essay, some of your thoughts may include your descriptions of what you enjoyed in a course along with descriptions of your teacher’s teaching style. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflective or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page You can also include the parts that you did not find interesting. Your teacher will take note of this area. Perhaps some solution could be achieved through this, as your teacher might work to make a less interesting area of a course more stimulating in future.Therefore, future students of the same course will benefit from what you write. Reflective essay writing is something that you will do throughout your education. If you happen to become a teacher, you will need to write many more essays. This is because Reflective essay writing is an important self-assessment tool for students as well as teachers. Through this form of writing you come to know a lot more about how much you have gained through your course work. When you get down to writing your Reflective essay, there are few points you need to keep in mind.You should remember that your introduction is used for describing or explaining the background of your course. You also need to mention your role in the course you describe, along with the reasons you had for selecting it. If your Reflective essay is based on a project you have worked on, you need to mention your goals for further developing the project. In your Reflective essay body paragraphs, you will need to describe the process you used for working on your project. You need to describe this process from its starting point to the end stages.Your Reflective essay should reveal detail about strong and weak points in your coursework or project. You also need to share your positive and negative experiences, as well as your feelings about working with others. For concluding your Reflective essay, there are few important points you need to consider. You need to determine whether or not you have achieved your goals. You also need to think about what you would like to change in your course work or project. Maybe you will not benefit from this change, but other students will have a chance to do so.In your Reflective essay conclusion, you should think about the expertise you have gained and how you would apply it in your professional life. Reflective essay writing, as its name suggests, entails focusing on reflection, consideration, etc. This is a form of essay writing in which you put down your thoughts. It is quite a flexible form of writing, but there are some general rules that you should stick to. You will have a general layout for your essay, which includes an introduction, a main body and a conclusion. An interesting aspect of reflective essay writing is that you and your reader may benefit by what you reflect on.

Know How to Write a Sample Essay For a Reason Like This

Know How to Write a Sample Essay For a Reason Like ThisIt is good to know that when you write a sample essay for a reason like this, you will be able to put more information into the essay. Your reader will appreciate this kind of research because it makes the essay more useful to them. If you do not have time to read a lot of material and do the necessary research on the topic, you can even choose to use a different sample essay.In most cases, the reason why people write samples of essays for reasons like this is because they are looking for the admissions director or the dean to give them a specific reason why they should be admitted to the college. They want to say that they had extra-curricular activities or they worked part-time jobs to pay for their tuition. Usually, this is what people do when they are applying for a scholarship.On the other hand, you may also write a sample essay for a reason like this, because you want to improve your chances of being accepted for a scholars hip or grant. When you put more information into the essay, the chance of getting accepted to a school that you want to go to will be much higher. Of course, you must have an essay on why you want to be accepted, but the more information you include in the essay, the better chance you have of getting an acceptance letter.You need to make sure that you write a sample essay for a specific reason, because this will help you determine if your essay is suitable for a particular school. Try to think about how long you have been going to school and then write a sample essay. Make sure that the essay is as short as possible and you do not write too much information on the topic. It will help you determine if you have the right level of knowledge on the topic.Writing an essay on how would you like to be accepted to the college will also help you decide whether you should submit a sample essay with extra-curricular activities or not. On the other hand, if you want to submit the sample essay w ith extra-curricular activities, make sure that it is very brief and simple. Also, you should include a statement about your first choice of college. Do not include the college where you applied to by itself in the essay.There are still some schools that will ask for a sample essay and then you cannot submit it. The reason why this happens is because they cannot determine how good you are at writing a short essay about a specific topic.In any case, the only way that you can find out how you can write a sample essay for a reason like this is by asking the person who does the hiring. There are several sources that you can get information from to help you know the best method to use when writing a sample essay.Knowing how to write a sample essay for a reason like this will help you get more information for the essay so that you can submit the essay to the school that you want to attend. Good luck!

Paints essays

Paints essays I Kayla J. R, am writing you, the National American International Livestock Exposition in order to attempt to persuade you to include our personal favorite breed of horse into your Exposition. This is our reasoning: The different patterns and the different colors will give a larger variety of choices for the judges. The different patterns may even have their own categories. Each and every paint has its own little history and own attitudes. Not only that, but they have a very pretty body type with obvious muscles. If you add them to your show, they need not have the World Championship Paint Horse Show, resulting in more money left over for the horses real needs such as food, tack, water and supplements. Read on to learn some great information on the Paint Breed. In 1519 a Spanish explorer Hernando Cortes sailed to North America with some conquistadors and horses only to leave behind a great legacy-which was the bloodstock that would provide the foundation for a variety of different, distinct, American-bred horses. A Spanish historian Diaz del Castillo who traveled with the entire expedition says that one of the sixteen war horses that carried Cortes and his men was a sorrel and white horse with spots on its belly. That spotted horse soon bred with Native American mustangs and laid the foundation for what is known today as the American paint horse breed. Near the early 1800s, the western plains were heavily populated with free-ranging herds of horses. These herds included a peculiar spotted horse. The spotted, flashy horses soon became a favorite mount of the American Indians because of the color and performance. The Comanche Indians, also known as the finest horsemen on the plains, favored the different colored horses and had a lot among their huge herds. The favoritism is exhibited in evidence by drawings of spotted horses on the painted buffalo robes that served as records for the Comanches. During the 180...

Overview of the Early American Colonial Regions

Overview of the Early American Colonial Regions   The history of the 13 American colonies that would become the first 13 states of the United States dates to 1492 when Christopher Columbus discovered what he thought was a New World, but was really North America, which along with its indigenous population and culture, had been there all along. Spanish Conquistadors and Portuguese explorers soon used the continent as a base for expanding their nations’ global empires. France and the Dutch Republic joined in by exploring and colonizing northern regions of North America. England moved to stake its claim in 1497 when explorer John Cabot, sailing under the British flag, landed on the east coast of what is now America. Twelve years after sending Cabot on a second but fatal voyage to America King Henry VII died, leaving the throne to his son, King Henry VIII. Of course Henry VIII had more interest in marrying and executing wives and warring with France than in global expansion. Following the deaths of Henry VIII and his frail son Edward, Queen Mary I took over and spent most of her days executing Protestants. With the death of â€Å"Bloody Mary,† Queen Elizabeth I ushered in the English golden age, fulfilling the promise of the entire Tudor royal dynasty. Under Elizabeth I, England began to profit from transatlantic trade, and after defeating the Spanish Armada expanded its global influence. In 1584, Elizabeth I commissioned Sir Walter Raleigh to sail towards Newfoundland where he founded the colonies of Virginia and Roanoke, the so-called â€Å"Lost Colony.† While these early settlements did little to establish England as a global empire, they set the stage for Elizabeth’s successor, King James I. In 1607, James I ordered the establishment of Jamestown, the first permanent settlement in  America. Fifteen years and much drama later, the Pilgrims founded Plymouth. After the death of James I in 1625, King Charles I founded Massachusetts Bay which led to the founding of the Connecticut and Rhode Island colonies. English colonies in America would soon spread from New Hampshire to Georgia. From the foundation of the colonies beginning with the founding of Jamestown until the beginning of the Revolutionary War, different regions of the eastern coast had different characteristics. Once established, the thirteen British colonies could be divided into three geographic areas: New England, Middle, and Southern. Each of these had specific economic, social, and political developments that were unique to the regions. The New England Colonies The New England Colonies of New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut were known for being rich in forests and fur trapping. Harbors were located throughout the region. The area was not known for good farmland. Therefore, the farms were small, mainly to provide food for individual families. New England flourished instead from fishing, shipbuilding, lumbering, and fur trading along with trading goods with Europe. The famous Triangle Trade occurred in the New England colonies where slaves were sold in the West Indies for molasses. This was sent to New England to make Rum which was then sent to Africa to trade for slaves.​ In New England, small towns were the centers of local government. In 1643, Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, Connecticut, and New Haven formed the New England Confederation to provide defense against Indians, Dutch, and the French. This was the first attempt to form a union between colonies. A group of Massasoit Indians organized themselves under King Philip to fight the colonists. King Philips War lasted from 1675-78. The Indians were finally defeated at a great loss. A Rebellion Grows in New England The seeds of revolt were sown in the New England Colonies. Influential characters in the American Revolution such as Paul Revere, Samuel Adams, William Dawes, John Adams, Abigail Adams, James Otis, and 14 of the 56 signers of the Declaration of Independence lived in New England. As displeasure with British rule spread through the Colonies, New England saw the rise of the celebrated Sons of Liberty - a secret group of politically dissident colonists  formed in Massachusetts during 1765 dedicated to fighting against taxes unfairly imposed on them by the British government. Several major battles and events of the American Revolution took place in the New England Colonies, including The Ride of Paul Revere, the Battles of Lexington and Concord, the Battle of Bunker Hill, and the capture of Fort Ticonderoga. New Hampshire In 1622, John Mason and Sir Ferdinando Gorges received land in northern New England. Mason eventually formed New Hampshire and Gorges land led to Maine. Massachusetts controlled both until New Hampshire was given a royal charter in 1679 and Maine was made its own state in 1820. Massachusetts Pilgrims wishing to flee persecution and find religious freedom traveled to America and formed the Plymouth Colony in 1620. Before landing, they established their own government, the basis of which was the Mayflower Compact. In 1628, Puritans formed the Massachusetts Bay Company and many Puritans continued to settle in the area around Boston. In 1691, Plymouth joined the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Rhode Island Roger Williams argued for freedom of religion and separation of church and state. He was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony and founded Providence. Anne Hutchinson was also banished from Massachusetts and she settled Portsmouth. Two additional settlements formed in the area and all four received a charter from England creating their own government eventually called Rhode Island. Connecticut A group of individuals led by Thomas Hooker left the Massachusetts Bay Colony due to dissatisfaction with harsh rules and settled in the Connecticut River Valley. In 1639, three settlements joined to form a unified government creating a document called the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, the first written constitution in America. King Charles II officially united Connecticut as a single colony in 1662. The Middle Colonies The Middle Colonies of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware offered fertile farmland and natural harbors. Farmers grew grain and raised livestock. The Middle Colonies also practiced trade like New England, but typically they were trading raw materials for manufactured items. One important event that happened in the Middle Colonies during the colonial period was the Zenger Trial in 1735. John Peter Zenger was arrested for writing against the royal governor of New York. Zenger was defended by Andrew Hamilton and found not guilty helping to establish the idea of freedom of the press. New York The Dutch-owned a colony called New Netherland. In 1664, Charles II granted New Netherland to his brother James, Duke of York. He just had to take it from the Dutch. He arrived with a fleet. The Dutch surrendered without a fight. New Jersey The Duke of York granted some land to Sir George Carteret and Lord John Berkeley who named their colony New Jersey. They provided liberal grants of land and freedom of religion. The two parts of the colony were not united into a royal colony until 1702. Pennsylvania The Quakers were persecuted by the English and wished to have a colony in America. William Penn received a grant which the King called Pennsylvania. Penn wished to begin a â€Å"holy experiment.† The first settlement was Philadelphia. This colony quickly became one of the largest in the New World. Declaration of Independence was written and signed in Pennsylvania. The Continental Congress met in Philadelphia until it was captured by British General William Howe in 1777 and forced to move to York. Delaware When the Duke of York got New Netherland, he also received New Sweden which had been founded by Peter Minuit. He renamed this area, Delaware. This area became part of Pennsylvania until 1703 when it created its own legislature. The Southern Colonies The Southern Colonies of Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia grew their own food along with growing three major cash crops: tobacco, rice, and indigo. These were grown on plantations typically worked by slaves and indentured servants. England was the main customer of crops and goods exported by the Southern Colonies. Sprawling cotton and tobacco plantations kept people widely separated, preventing the growth of many urban areas. An important event that occurred in the Southern Colonies was Bacons Rebellion. Nathaniel Bacon led a group of Virginia colonists against Indians who were attacking frontier farms. The royal governor, Sir William Berkeley, had not moved against the Indians. Bacon was labeled a traitor by the governor and ordered arrested. Bacon attacked Jamestown and seized the government. He then became ill and died. Berkeley returned, hanged many of the rebels, and was eventually removed from office by King Charles II. Maryland Lord Baltimore received land from King Charles I to create a haven for Catholics. His son, the second Lord Baltimore, personally owned all the land and could use or sell it as he wished. In 1649, the Toleration Act was passed allowing all Christians to worship as they pleased. Virginia Jamestown was the first English settlement in America (1607). It had a hard time at first and didn’t flourish until the colonists received their own land and the tobacco industry began flourishing, the settlement took root. People continued to arrive and new settlements arose. In 1624, Virginia was made a royal colony. North Carolina and South Carolina Eight men received charters in 1663 from King Charles II to settle south of Virginia. The area was called Carolina. The main port was Charles Town (Charleston). In 1729, North and South Carolina became separate royal colonies. Georgia James Oglethorpe received a charter to create a colony between South Carolina and Florida. He founded Savannah in 1733. Georgia became a royal colony in 1752. Updated by Robert Longley

What are the benefits and drawbacks to using medications in treating Research Proposal

What are the benefits and drawbacks to using medications in treating psychological disorders - Research Proposal Example t of very superior inroads into the ‘psyche’ of human beings with the aid of modern diagnostic techniques & equipment, and the understanding of the physiological functioning of the brain, attempts to influence any aberration in normal behavior by medical and other means have been made, both successfully and otherwise. Psychological disorders can have a biological origin where the imbalance of hormones and other biochemicals in the body can precipitate them. In other cases they could be purely the result of any emotional event or incidence which influences a person to react in an abnormal way. Such disorders are also dependant on and peculiar for different ages, sexes and cultures. Certain psychological disorders are secondary to purely infectious or immunological disorders such as diseases involving the brain [Examples: Brain tumors, Epilepsy, cerebral malaria, neurological disorders like Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinsonism and some liver diseases causing hepatic en cephalopathy (pathological changes in brain)]. Such disorders definitely require medical interventions. Other disorders which are purely emotional can be treated by a trained psycho therapist, with or without the aid of drugs. The benefits and drawbacks of treating psychological disorders with drugs has always been the subject of debate where proponents of both methods of therapy (pharmacotherapy & counseling) have supported their views in the long history of psychotherapy. Plain psychotherapy without drugs has been classified by the Mayo Clinic (www.mayoclinic.com) on the basis of either ‘ changing the current behavior patterns’ of a patient or by ‘ understanding past issue’ in the patients’ history. The website lists the different approaches in psychotherapy as â€Å"Art Therapy, Behavior Therapy, Cognitive therapy, Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, Dialectical behavior Therapy, Exposure Therapy, Interpersonal Therapy, Play Therapy, Psychoanalysis, Psychodynamic Psychotherapy and

Positive and Negative Aspects of Adult Education Essay

Positive and Negative Aspects of Adult Education - Essay Example Therefore, they are now focused on acquiring education and on making themselves compatible to the progressing environment. Governments of various countries like America, Hong Kong, UK have always encouraged older people to have education so that they match and compete with younger students. This prospect has made them independent, knowledgeable and modern literates. Adult students have gained back their lost confidence, importance and strength and are now ready to accept new challenges coming ahead. Many companies prefer to employ adults rather than having youngsters due to more experience and capabilities. For instance, a company would prefer to have a 40-year old manager rather than having a 28 year old youngster with higher education for the same post. In other words, adults are much more comfortable with resolving problems and they manage to do so easily. Institutions, where both young and adult students are enrolled, have a very strong inter-generational relationship. Exchange of ideas, flow of knowledge and wisdom, interpersonal communication and reduced differences in mental level can be well-observed in such institutions. Generation gap has been overcome to a large extent. In short, older adult students have seen to be more socially responsible than the younger ones. Besides having a positive effect on the lives of peopl

Impact of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill on the Environment Essay

The Deepwater Horizon spill occurred on 20 April 2010 and was caused by an explosion on the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig that killed 11 workers and injured 17 more. The drilling rig, located 66 kilometers southeast of the Louisiana coast, left an oil gusher that was finally capped on July 15, almost 2 months later. This was the largest accidental marine oil spill in history and the largest offshore environmental disaster in the United States (Telegraph, New York Times, BBC News). It is estimated by scientists that over 4.9 million barrels of oil were released into the ocean, about half of the crude oil the U.S. imports each day and worth $400 million (Popular Mechanics, CBC News). About 1070 kilometers of coastline were contaminated. Over 47 thousand personnel were deployed, 1.4 million barrels of liquid waste collected, and $40 billion spent on cleanup. Aerial photo taken in Gulf of Mexico more than 50 miles southeast of Louisiana showing the Deepwater Horizon oil rig burning after a deadly blowout of an oil well. Credit: Gerald Herbert The Gulf of Mexico contains commercially important aquatic life, including blue crabs, squid, shrimp, and fish. Toxins in the oil can kill these species or cause injuries such as genetic damage, disease, cancer, and reproductive and immune system impairment. Marine mammals, fish, reptiles, and birds depend on clean, healthy habitats to provide food, shelter, and breeding grounds. The presence of discharged oil in the environment can cause decreased habitat use in the area, altered migration patterns, altered food availability, and disrupted life cycles. Plants affected by the oil could die, eliminating the roots that help bind and stabilize the soil in the ocean floor, leading to erosi... .... Web. 6 November 2011. Gunter, Ford. â€Å"Explosion could have Disastrous Business Consequences.† Portfolio. Wall Street Horizon, 28 April 2010. Web. 6 November 2011. â€Å"Bird Impact Data and Consolidated Wildlife Reports.† FWS Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Response. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, n.d. Web. 6 November 2011. â€Å"Sea Turtles, Dolphins, and Whales and the Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill.† Office of Protected Resources. NOAA Fisheries, n.d. Web. 6 November 2011. â€Å"Gulf Coast Oil Spill: One Year Later.† Gulf Oil Spill Response. National Parks Conservation Association, n.d. Web. 6 November 2011. â€Å"British Companies’ Reputation in the U.S. is Under Threat.† The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 14 July 2010. Web. 6 November 2011. â€Å"David Cameron confronts Barack Obama in Battle to Protect BP.† The Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group, 16 June 2010. Web. 6 November 2011.

Guidelines for Writing the Three Major Parts of the Literature Review Essay

The introductory section should describe the topic (problem area, guiding concept, theme or research question or problem) that is being reviewed. Aim for an â€Å"eye catching opening sentence†. Sometimes this is a dramatic expression of a number to catch the reader’s attention such as the prevalence of a disease, crime rate, school drop out rate, or sales volume. Be sure the topic is focused on the literature that will be reported. Briefly define the key concepts. Introduce these immediately. The topic should be sufficiently focused to permit an in-depth, substantial investigation, relevant to an area of advanced study/global leadership that guides a range of inquiry, results in an extensive search of scholarly literature, and generation of questions for further inquiry. The purpose of a literature review is presented in the introduction. Bourner (1996) reports the following Purposes – of a literature review – (reasons for a review of the literature) before embarking on a research project. These reasons include: †¢ to identify gaps in the literature  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ to avoid reinventing the wheel (at the very least this will save time and it can stop you from making the same mistakes as others) †¢ to carry on from where others have already reached (reviewing the field allows you to build on the platform of existing knowledge and ideas) †¢ to identify other people working in the same fields (a researcher network is a valuable resource) †¢ to increase your breadth of knowledge of your subject area †¢ to identify seminal works in your area †¢ to provide the intellectual context for your own work, enabling you to position your project relative to other work †¢ to identify opposing views †¢ to put your work into perspective †¢ to demonstrate that you can access previous work in an area †¢ to identify information and ideas that may be relevant to your project †¢ to identify methods that could be relevant to your project Bourner, T. (1996). The research process: Four steps to success in T. Greenfield (Ed. ), Research methods: Guidance for postgraduates (pp. 7-11). London: Arnold. Retrieved 8-13-02 from Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology RMIT University http://www. lib. rmit. edu. au/tutorials/literature/litrev. html As you attempt to define concepts (variables) and their relationships to other variables, if applicable, identify causal (independent) variables and effects (dependent variables). You may also identify other variables that can be contextual, intervening, or mediating (see Creswell, pp. 94-95 or other texts). After you introduce the topic area properly (instructions follow), you will develop a succinct one-sentence purpose of the review. Three examples of a concluding purpose statement in the overview are: Example 1: The purpose of this review is to critically analyze the theoretical and empirical literature on web-based instruction as an instructional method in distance education, with an emphasis on effectiveness studies that focus on instructional effectiveness, student learning outcomes, retention, student perceptions of this method of course delivery, and to identify areas of future scholarly inquiry. In this example, the causal variable (independent) is â€Å"instructional method of web-based instruction† and the effects (dependent variable) are instructional effectiveness, student learning outcomes, retention, and student perceptions. Example 2: The purpose of this critical analysis of theoretical and empirical literature is to (a) examine historical and current literature to evaluate whether gender workplace bias exists; (b) explore the impact such a bias would have on women in the workplace, specifically women moving up the corporate ladder; and, (c) identify any theoretical or empirical gaps in the literature for the purpose of suggesting future areas of scholarly inquiry. In this example, the causal variable (independent) is â€Å"gender bias against women in the workplace† and the effect (dependent variable) is mobility up the corporate ladder. Example 3 (Review carefully): The purpose of this critical analysis of theoretical and empirical literature is explore the influence of organizational leadership and other factors on organizational performance, in for-profit and not-for profit service organizations, and to identify areas of future scholarly inquiry. In this example, the causal variables (independent) are â€Å"organizational leadership† and â€Å"other factors†, contextual (intervening or mediating) variables are the type of organization (product versus service) and profit/non-profit, and the effect (dependent variable) is organizational performance. Please note in developing your purpose statement, that the purpose statement begins with The purpose of †¦. and concludes with a statement related to identifying future areas of scholarly inquiry. 9 Instructions: Writing An Overview and Purpose (Follow precisely) *Review Blackboard Forum 5. Use your information and faculty comments for strengthening, as a guide to develop your Overview and Purpose (see items #1-9 below). *Draft 1 is due Week 3. Review Forum 6. You will get a great start if you develop this well. 1. Using the template: a. Develop a preliminary title for the Review and include on the title page. The title should include the main concepts and themes (and/or key theories) for this review. Remember this is a critical analysis of the literature NOT a research study!!!! In no area of this paper, should you refer to this Review of Literature as a research study!!!!!! b. For the Introduction to the Literature, insert a brief subtitle preceding the colon for the level heading: ___: Overview and Purpose. 2. Under the Overview and Purpose, introduce the paper with an â€Å"eye catching† opening sentence for the first paragraph. 3. After the â€Å"eye catching† opening sentence, briefly – describe the topic (problem area, guiding concept, theme). Get to the point – don’t let the reader guess what the review is about –a few sentences. 4. Next include brief definitions of each of the major concepts and cite references for these definitions in appropriate APA format. BE BRIEF – this is not the literature but an introduction to it! Anything you present in the introduction is developed in depth in the Review of the Literature. 5. Next, very briefly, attempt to identify how the literature explains these variables and their relationships to other variables. Include as many as possible variables because this will help in constructing a literature map. The map will show relationships between the variables as you describe here. – Begin with the following: The causal variables (independent are) †¦ The effects (dependent/outcome variables are†¦ Contextual (intervening or mediating) variables that further impact the dependent or outcome variables are †¦. 6. Discuss how the topic area was identified and your reasons (point of view) for selecting the topic area to conduct your critical analysis of the literature. Review the Guidelines: How to Start – Select a Topic and Overview and Purpose, including purposes identified by Bourner (1996). Begin with the following: The topic area of ____ was selected because___. 7. Explain what you want to know about the topic. Review Hart, 1999, p. 14 (Questions the Review Can Answer). Begin with the following: Some questions to be answered through this critical analysis of the literature are:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8. Answer the following: Is the topic about the problems in a discipline or field of study, the processes in a discipline or field of study, or the practices in a discipline or field of study? Processes can refer to various epistemologic processes to develop knowledge (also See Hart, 1999, p. 14). Introduce this clearly so the reader knows what you are speaking about. Begin with the following: The problem area of †¦ is about†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9. Conclude the Overview and Purpose with a clearly formulated statement of purpose of the literature review. Use the examples in the guidelines, as a guide to develop this. Make this clear (see examples in the previous lecture note). Begin with the following and include the ending The purpose of this †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.., and to identify areas of future scholarly inquiry. Organization of the Review, Scope, and Library Research Plan Organization of the Review Lecture Collect appropriate articles, read critically, identify concepts, theories, and themes, and think about the best way to present your topic. Write these concepts, theories, and themes down (see your Blackboard forum 5 submission and instructor response. Develop a Literature Map. This is a Content Map (Concept Map or Mind Map): All students will have a literature map that will guide the organization of the review and literature search. Build (draw) a visual picture of the concepts and their relationships, which results in a literature map. These evolve from your topic, key concepts, ideas, theme, and/or purpose. Don’t introduce new information or concepts. It should first be introduced in the overview. The literature map is presented in-depth here. There are many methods to organize the review, which often change as you learn more about the topic. Concept Mapping – Representing information in diagram form where key words are linked by lines. These lines are then labeled to express the relationship between the terms. The resulting ‘map’ shows links between key ideas and can then be read through to clarify relationships between key terms. a. Definition and Purpose of a Literature Map. This map is a visual/graphic representation of concepts, ideas, and themes that serve to guide thinking. In this case, the purpose is to guide the search and organizational presentation of your review. This map serves to: i. Develop ideas for your review ii. Show relationships and interrelationships between the concepts, theories, and themes – and if so, what type of relationships iii. Assist in organizing old knowledge and integrating it with new knowledge iv. Guide your literature search plan/strategy v. Identify subtitles (subheadings) to organize your literature review so that you can communicate your ideas systematically. vi. A literature/content map is a creative, intuitive, and artistic endeavor to see how things fit – to generate alternatives. It is also analytical and critical, based on what you are finding in the literature. REVIEW THESE LINKS A simplified explanation of understanding of a Content map is described in the following URL – web link – http://users.edte. utwente. nl/lanzing/cm_home. htm b. Various types of Graphic or Visual Organizers (review this online. Click each box) (you need to have the syllabus downloaded and Internet connection on) |Chain of Events |Clustering |Compare/Contrast | |Continuum |Cycle |Family Tree | |Fishbone |Interaction Outline |Problem/Solution | |Spider |Storyboard |Venn Diagram | Source: http://www. sdcoe. k12. ca. us/score/actbank/sorganiz. htm Other Web sites: Graphic or Visual Organizers Graphic or Visual Organizers: A good site review this online by clicking link. http://edservices. aea7. k12. ia. us/edtech/classroom/workshops/organizers. html http://www. cast. org/ncac/index. cfm? i=3015 http://www. veale. com. au/phd/files/Lit_Map. pdf Some diagrams of content maps are depicted in the following URL web link http://trochim. human. cornell. edu/research/epp2/epp2. htm#Table1 Free Mind Mapping Software (Smart Draw) http://www. smartdraw. com/specials/mindmapping. asp? id=13054 Readings on Mapping Ideas: See Hart, 1999, pp. 142-162 Blackboard’s Assignments Toolbar: See example of literature maps in Assignments – Weeks 1-8 Literature Review (Critical Analysis) 50%. Within this folder is information on PowerPoint Presentation and Student Examples. Most of the student examples include literature maps for RES 702 (RES600) students. Organizing the review of the literature by themes, theories, or major concepts and related concepts provides a â€Å"frame for the central topic† to organize. In this case, you may proceed inductively or deductively. http://trochim. human. cornell. edu/kb/dedind. htm Exercise in Deductive/Inductive thinking: http://www2. sjsu. edu/depts/itl/graphics/induc/ind-ded. html#3b For example, a deductive approach might start with the broader view or concept(s) then move to the specific topic area. Example FOLLOWS: A literature map (Figure 1) is used to guide the library search for theoretical and empirical literature about distance learning. The map shows a deductive pattern of the major themes, using an â€Å"interaction line style† type of graphic organizer. Beginning with the broadest concept of distance education, web-based instruction interacts with student characteristics, which leads to evaluation of effectiveness of web-based instruction in distance education. . . . Other concepts and their relationships to guide the review are . . †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Other Organizational Methodologies for Reviews: While RES 702 students are asked to develop literature maps that serve to organize the review, with more scholarly experience and depending upon the topic, you could also present the Review using an â€Å"opposing view† or â€Å"methodological approach†. This is not expected now. c. The literature map generates an outline for the Review of the Literature Review â€Å"Why do an Outline, and Basic Outlining skills: http://www. und. edu/instruct/wstevens/PROPOSALCLASS/PATRAS. html http://www. mnstate. edu/wasson/ed603/ed603lesson5. htm An outline provides a blueprint, skeleton, or a roadmap for the final written review. An outline is an organizational process that is a logical description of the important components of the literature review. It provides a visual and conceptual design for writing. 1. Identify the main points in the order they should be presented. 2. Differentiate each main heading into logical subheadings. 3. Use further subdivisions if necessary. IT IS STRONGLY SUGGESTED THAT YOU INCLUDE A SECTION ON MEASUREMENT OF YOUR MAJOR VARIABLES. REPORT SOME OF THE MAJOR METHODS, TOOLS, OR INSTRUMENTS THAT HAVE BEEN USED IN PRIOR STUDIES TO MEASURE THE KEY CONCEPTS IN YOUR OUTLINE. Notice in the outline that follows, a sub-level heading is measurement of leadership and organizational performance. In the Review of the Literature section, you would then describe the tools whether qualitative or quantitative, and reliability, validity (quantitative tools), and trustworthiness of qualitative tools. Run a Proquest or Google search such as: â€Å"measurement leadership†. This saves you time in the QP and literature in the †dissertation† where you need to know how your variables have been studied and measured. It is best to have MORE detail in these themes. You can always change later. Example of an Outline: (Let us say that the following concepts are present in the literature map which could be Chain of Events, Clustering, or Interaction Outline. This is an example of an outline (quite detailed). It includes the major concepts that can be used for the literature search, and the outline is placed in the 2nd part of this Review (Review of the Literature) to organize how to present the literature. Leadership Classical, Progressive, Risk Leadership Theories Traits and Characteristics of Leaders; Leadership, Power and Influence; Gender and Equity Issues in Leadership Practice Cultural Issues and Leadership Developing Teams Leading Organizational Change Organizational Leadership Development; Strategic Leadership Leadership Measurement Organizational Performance Dimensions of Organizational Performance Organizational Climate Individual Performance Team Performance Supplier/Vendor Perspectives Customer Satisfaction Financial Performance Effectiveness Indicators Performance Driven Organizations Competency Modeling Managing Performance 360 Degree Feedback Collaborative Change Organizational Performance Measurement: Output (Activities) and Outcome (Results) Measures Factors Influencing Organizational Performance Leadership and Performance of Organizations Leadership Style and Team Performance Leadership Style and Organizational Outcomes Leadership Style and Vendor/Supplier and Customer Satisfaction Transformational Leadership, Organizational Culture, and Organizational Effectiveness 7 Instructions for Writing the Organization of the Review Do not present literature that you reviewed here. Just respond to questions 1-7. 1. After you design the literature map, begin with the statement: A literature map (Figure 1) is used to guide the library search for theoretical and empirical literature in this review about ___. 1. Next, describe the specific type of organizer that you used to design your map (for example, cluster, chain of events, cycle, etc). To do this, you need to review this syllabus on line, and click the different URL links of examples of visual or graphic organizers (review preceding lecture which provides several types). 2. Identify the specific the concepts, theories, and themes that are in your literature map. 3. Next, briefly, describe the relationships between these concepts, theories and themes (such as what leads to what? Which are the causal, outcome and/or intervening variables? Are the concepts organized inductively or deductively? This all refers to the concepts, theories, and themes in your literature map. 4. Next explain that in addition to guiding the literature search, the literature map serves to identify themes, theories, and concepts that will organize the Literature Review. Present these theories, concepts, and themes in outline form, differentiating each main heading into logical subheadings. (Keep it simple). 5. Due for draft 1, go to the next major section (Review of the Literature) – insert these themes/concepts as level headings/sublevel headings in outline form. They serve to organize the Review of the Literature. Use appropriate APA (see p. 113 of APA) level headings. An example using APA level headings, is shown in the next major section of these guidelines. The concepts and themes for the example, uses the outline of themes previously discussed (leadership and organizational performance). 6. Insert the Figure 1, Literature Map at the end of this discussion of the Organization of the Review (before Scope and Context). a. Make sure that you develop your literature map in a software application that can be copied and pasted into your Microsoft word document containing your paper. b. Make sure the map is an appropriate size and fits within the required paper margins. c. The Figure and #, and Title (Literature Map) belong at the bottom, centered: Figure 1 Literature Map Your goal is to have the map well-developed in draft 1 and finalized in (draft 2). It is expected that this map will change as you â€Å"tighten† and â€Å"organize your literature review in the next section† as well as well as in your qualifying paper. Refine this part with each new draft (and particularly as your literature map evolves). Scope and Context Lecture This section lets the reader know what is and is not included in your literature review (scope). The topic is described in such a way that an appropriate context for the review of the literature is established, in a meaningful, logical way. The key terms here are included/excluded. You can restate the theories, concepts and constructs that you will include and obvious theories, concepts and constructs you won’t include (Look at your problem and topic area). Identify what might be included in the search in terms of types of organizations (public/private; for-profit, not for profit; service/product; types of businesses, types of educational institutions); populations such as young versus old; gender; cultural groups; countries; or type of occupation. The major types of scholarly literature to review are: empirical studies, review articles (critical analysis), theoretical articles/books, methodological articles, and case studies. These types of literature may be in the form of a book, hard copy journal articles, and electronic journal articles. The following are different types and forms of literature: Periodical Abstract in a primary source, Abstract in a secondary source, Periodical (hard copy), Periodical (electronic), Non-periodical (Book), Non-periodical (chapter in a book), Proceeding of meetings or symposia, Doctoral Dissertations (including abstracts), Unpublished work, Audio-Visuals, Newspaper, Government documents, and Electronic Media. 5 Instructions for Writing the Scope and Context 1. As you write this, discuss what is and is not included. Regarding the topic or problem area, discuss what is and is not included in terms of concepts/theories, applications to different populations and settings. 1. Identify the forms (not types) of publications that are included. You don’t need to name specific articles, but identify the forms of literature to be included. 2. Identify the discipline(s) you are focusing in (e. g. , education, health, business, criminal justice, accounting, sociology)? Included specialized areas within these disciplines, such as: gender theories in sociology, accounting ethics, special education for specified populations, urban violence, etc. 3. Identify the scope in terms of the years (period of time) that your literature review covers and exclusions. 5. Discuss whether you are limiting your review to U. S. literature, and/or Global literature. For global literature, identify the â€Å"countries†. If seminal books are emphasized, include the titles. Refine this part with each new draft (and particularly as your literature expands). Library Research Plan and Strategy Lecture THIS IS THE PLAN, NOT THE REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE!! The review is presented in the second major section (Review of the Literature) Searching the Literature: A good review of the literature is dependent upon knowledge of the use of indexes and abstracts, the ability to conduct exhaustive bibliographic searches, and ability to organize the collected data meaningfully. Information literacy skills assist with information seeking and retrieval methods and scholarly communication. Recognize scholarly and peer reviewed journals (See Week 1 Lecture). The e-Learning tutorials about Lynn Library can assist research students with the development of literature reviews using electronic databases, abstracts, bibliographic software, Internet searching, Library catalogue searching, subject resources, off-campus searching, and research and writing skills. You need to complete the tutorials. Library Research Plan/Strategy: In reporting your library plan/strategy, identify concepts, themes (key words) or descriptors and search the relevant databases for research on your topic. Be consistent with the Literature map concepts and themes. Focus your search on primary scholarly works including: empirical, theoretical, critical/analytic, or methodological inquiry. Recognize the differences between these types of scholarly inquiry. Review dissertation abstracts. Did you do a Lynn Library catalog search on the topic (at Lynn)? Did you search selected journals? Did you limit the search to peer-review journals? Did you limit the search to certain years? If you are having difficulty in your library search, you may make an appointment with the Reference Librarian who may assist in building effective search strategies. When visiting the Library, you should come prepared with your search words. Requesting Materials: It is suggested that you read the abstracts before requesting the materials from the Librarian, because certain abstracts may provide enough information to help you make a decision on the material’s relevance. Expect that you will obtain more literature than you will need to include in your literature review. Quantity, however, is not as important as selecting appropriate literature, that is of value and relevant. While many published review articles may have more than 100 cited references, due to time constraints in the course, the expectation is a minimum of 20 â€Å"relevant†, scholarly citations in the text of your paper. Do not go overboard. Quality and relevance is what counts. Don’t use references from â€Å"consulting firms† or firms that are â€Å"promoting† their products or services. Look for scholarly publications. Types and Forms of Literature: Minimum Requirements i. The preference is that you review a variety of types and forms of literature so that you many learn to: ii. Search for and evaluate different types and forms information iii. Integrate a variety of types information in the text of your paper iv. Recognize classic (seminal) works as well as current literature Give yourself time to read the material; do not make a library request for everything at once. Readings: Search Strategy worksheet: http://library. humboldt. edu/infoservices/sstrawrksht. htm http://www. noodletools. com/debbie/literacies/information/5locate/adviceengine. html http://www. lynn. edu/clientuploads/Library/Graduatestudentsmanual. doc 11 Instructions for Writing the Library Research Plan and Strategy In a Review, a discussion of the plan or strategy you used to develop your literature search is presented. Don’t discuss what you â€Å"will† do, but rather â€Å"what you did†. 1. Identify the descriptors (concepts, themes, theories, phrases/key words) used to search the relevant databases for research on your topic. Include â€Å"themes† or groups of words used in the search plan. Add the terms â€Å"theory† or â€Å"research† to your themes when you are searching. You should uses many â€Å"themes† to limit the search. Example of a theme for a library search: â€Å"leadership organizational performance research†. Try to include several themes. 2. Report databases used in your library search. 3. Indicate which of the following types of primary scholarly works were reviewed: empirical, theoretical, critical/analytic, or methodological inquiry (aim to obtain all of these)? 4. Were secondary citations of references used in your paper? Explain Why? Review APA p. 247 to understand a secondary citation of a source. Remember that these need to be limited. In your dissertation, you need to mostly use primary sources of literature. Remember that if you report literature from secondary sources in your paper use (as cited in __). 5. Explain if you reviewed dissertation abstracts (yes/no). If so, on what topics, which abstracts? You should use these. 6. Explain if you did a Library catalog search on the topic (at Lynn or where? ) Yes/ or no 7. Provide the titles of the key journals reviewed. (Put these titles in Italics). 8. Indicated whether or not you limited the search to peer-reviewed journals? 9. Indicate if you limited the search to certain years? If so, which years? 10. Refer the reader to the example of a library Search Print-out that you will place in Appendix A. 11. Report any problems encountered in your library search and how these problems were managed. Refine this part with each new draft. Interest, Significance, and Rationale for the Critical Analysis Lecture In this last part of the introduction to the literature review, you explain the importance and significance of the Review that will follow. As you read more, you will find more rationale as to why this review is important. Provide a transition sentence from this Introduction to the Review of the Literature. Then end with a statement that explains how the Review will conclude in the Discussion section. Example of concluding statement: As an emerging method of instructional delivery in higher education, and one that continually evolves with the growth in technology, it is important to understand its impact on learning, retention, instruction, and students. This critical analysis of the literature concludes with a summary and interpretation of theoretical, empirical, and methodological literature, conclusions, and recommendations for future scholarly inquiry into web-based instruction in distance education. 4 Instructions for Writing the Interest, Significance, and Rationale for the Critical Analysis 1. Discuss if the topic is of limited interest, regional, national, or perhaps of global interest? Explain why? You can include personal interest based on experience and potential applications. 2. Describe why it is worth studying (or examining)? 3. Indicate that the presentation of the Review of the Literature follows 4. Develop a concluding statement (see example above, in lecture) to the effect that a synopsis and interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are presented at the end of the review in the discussion section. Refine this part with each new draft. Review of the Literature About ___ (add your topic) Lecture This is the second major part of this critical analysis. This has a long lecture. Now is the time to write â€Å"your in-depth Literature Review†. You laid the foundations for this section in the Introduction to the Review, to organize your review according to those themes. Present the theoretical literature (theories, model, constructs, concepts) about those themes, and empirical literature (studies) regarding those themes, in a proper manner. Follow the instructions (see presenting theoretical literature, and presenting empirical literature) in this Review of the Literature section. If you present the literature appropriately in this body of the review, then you will have information to present in the Discussion of the Literature. If you don’t, this Review falls apart. Only literature presented in this Review of the Literature can be analyzed in the next section, Discussion of the Literature. You will save a stitch in time, if you follow instructions and learn how to present theories, and how to present studies, including the authors stated limitations and recommendations for future inquiry, in addition to your critique of those studies. †¢ General comments: The theoretical and empirical literature is summarized, analyzed, evaluated, and synthesized in a more in-depth â€Å"coherent† manner within organized headings and sublevel headings. Specifically, information pertaining to theoretical, empirical, methodological, critical review, and case studies about the topic is reported. As reported previously, expect that you will obtain more literature than you will need to include in your literature review. Quantity, however, is not as important as selecting appropriate literature to present, that is of value and relevant. While many published Review articles may have more than 100 cited references, due to time constraints in the course, the expectation is a minimum of 20 â€Å"relevant†, scholarly citations in the text of your paper. This will increase to 50 references in the qualifying paper. It certainly isn’t unusual to have over 100 references in a dissertation. Do not go overboard. Quality and relevance is what counts. Don’t use references from â€Å"consulting firms† or firms that are â€Å"promoting† their products or services. Look for scholarly publications. As you present literature in your â€Å"word† document, it is okay to talk to yourself. Make notes in the document to your self. You can use different font colors or highlights for these messages to yourself. o Perhaps you want to leave a message to yourself to review a particular article that you didn’t yet have the chance to review, or o you want to search another theme. o Or you read an article, but didn’t have a chance yet to write about it – jot down notes o Use the word file as a tool where you keep all information in one place. You will find this technique very helpful in developing the qualifying paper, and in developing the your dissertation. The instructor does not mind (and in fact encourages you do to this, even in final copies0. Just make the messages â€Å"neat† – and not to distracting) Of utmost importance, is that you present your review appropriately. Practice doing it correctly immediately or you will be WASTING time (having to redo it later). †¢ Your review must be organized within the headings/sublevel headings. Insert the outline developed in the Introduction to the Review. Make sure that the outline is consistent with the organization of themes, concepts add theories in your literature map. †¢ It is ok if you reorganize or rename the themes, but make the changes if the Organization of the R (and literature map, in the prior section). You want the Introduction to the Review, Review of the Literature, and the Discussion section all to be â€Å"internally consistent† with one another. †¢ Instructions follow on how to present CRITICALLY present, theoretical and empirical literature. FOLLOW THESE INSTRUCTIONS. Quotations and Paraphrasing and Critical Analysis †¢ This is a literature review, and not your opinion.